While the world awaits word as to the cause of death for R & B singer Teena Marie, we look back at some things about the “Ivory Queen of Soul’s” life you might not have known:
1) She has a connection to “Saturday Night Live” – The singer was godmother to former “SNL” cast member Maya Rudolph who is the daughter of the late legendary singer Minnie Ripperton and music producer Richard Rudolph. Richard Rudolph produced Marie’s second album, “Lady T.”
2) She was a free spirit early on – Marie admitted during a TV One episode of the show “Unsung” that she got into a little bit of trouble while a student at Venice High School in Los Angeles, California. During a production of the musical “Carousel,” she was booted out for smoking marijuana, the singer said.
3) Fans weren’t the only ones surprised by her ethnicity – Early in her career, Motown opted not to send out press photographs so as not to prejudice fans and radio stations with the fact that Marie was white. But one of her childhood friends, singer Mickey Boyce-Ellis, reportedly said she didn’t realize her best friend was white until one day Marie’s mother came to school to pick her up.
4) She and Rick James weren’t just musical partners – The pair shared a tumultuous love affair which Marie said resulted in a two week long engagement. The "Super Freak" singer produced her early work and they famously dueted on the passionate single “Fire and Desire.” They broke up in 1981 but reconciled musically in 2004 for a tour and a performance on the BET Awards which earned a standing ovation. James died two months later.
5)She was a rap pioneer – Marie was one of the first musical artists to incorporate rhyme into an R & B song. In 1981, she rapped on her single “Square Biz” off the album “It Must Be Magic.”
6) She crossed racial boundaries – The singer was embraced by the Black community, as has been evidenced by the outpouring of grief and tributes since her death. In 2004, she was signed to a sub-label of the successful Cash Money Records, home of rap superstar Lil Wayne. She later moved on to the Stax Records. In his Atlantic essay “The Indomitable Blackness of Teena Marie,” writer Ta-Nehisi Coates says "I'm sure some of the old-heads here, can come up with a corollary, but I'm having trouble thinking of a white artist whose relationship to black music mirrored Teena Marie's. More specifically, I can't think of a white artist who was more beloved by such a large swath of black people than Teena Marie."
7)She influenced law – After leaving Motown Records in the 1980s, the label sued her and she responded in a countersuit which resulted in the “Brockert Initiative” which was named for the singer whose real name was Mary Christine Brockert. The initiative clarified a California law which made it impossible for record labels to keep a performer under contract without paying them royalties.
8)She remained a part of the Motown family – Despite the legal troubles, Marie and Berry Gordy remained close and she often referred to him as her father. The Motown founder has said he is devastated by her death.
9) She’s not the only singer in the family – Marie was often joined these past few years on stage by her daughter Alia Rose who performs under the name Rose Le Beau. The pair were extremely close (Marie had refered to her daughter's Christmas birth as her greatest gift) and it was her daughter who reportedly discovered Marie’s body. "The thing that I am most proud of is my child,” Marie told TV One. “That I was able to do these things that I did, but I was able to still be a good mother."
10) She loved Sarah Vaughn to the end – Not only did Marie pay homage to the great jazz singer in interviews and song (in “Square Biz” Marie raps about her) but one of her last tweets the day before her death quotes Vaughn: “May you never grow old, and may I never die.”
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Monday, December 20, 2010
Before the
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20554
In the Matter of
Applications for Consent to the Transfer of MB Docket No. 07-57
Control of Licenses,
XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor,
to
Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc., Transferee
To: The Commission, Office of the Secretary
Attn: Chief, Media Bureau
REPLY COMMENTS OF iCLICK2MEDIA
iClick2Media an Independent Creative Artists Company submits these comments with limited support for the Petition for Reconsideration of Clarification by the Minority Media and Telecommunications Council (“MMTC”) filed in response to the Commission’s October 19, 2010 Supplemental Merger Order. In that Supplemental Merger Order, the Commission had adopted the implementation details for the voluntary commitment made by Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. (“Sirius”) and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. (XM) to lease a portion of their combined channel capacity to certain “Qualified Entities” as a condition to the merger of the two satellite broadcasters (hereinafter, “Sirius XM”) on July 28, 2008 (“Leasing Condition”). In particular iClick2Media agrees that the new definition of Qualify Entity should be clarified and also believes the commission should remove any and or clearly define any language that has any ambiguity as discussed in iClick2Media’s Letter of Opinion to the Commission on November 12 2010 . iClick2Media however does not agree with MMTC concept to now include three race-neutral (but not racially dilute) classifications: Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), Asian American Serving Institutions (AASIs), and Native American Serving Institutions (NASIs). iClick2Media like the others on the docket have filed comments and met with the members of the FCC stand firm in its belief that the order should be set aside and the original plan as defined in the order when the FCC approved the merger between XM and Sirius should stand.
Further as I stated I applaud your efforts in finding a solution that included all the active parties ideas, and concepts on the docket however history has show that without clear distinctness of terms in place the underserved is seldom served. By back peddling the FCC continues to maintain the status quo when it comes to the underserved, minorities and women in telecommunications. The line between racial preference and race-neutral is finding the less restrictive mean of achieving equality. It does not mean walking away from your responsibility a responsibility the FCC obligated itself to oversee and has a duty to ensure fairness over such communication.
The latest Radio Television, Digital News Associations (RTDNA) Hofstra University Annual Survey finds that the percentage of minority news directors rose in both television and radio. But those were nearly the only positive numbers in the survey. Overall, the percentage of minorities in both radio and television fell for the third straight year, although the drop in TV was small. Women in radio news rose slightly, but the percentage of women radio news directors went down, as did both the overall percentage of women in TV news and women TV news directors. The drop in women TV news directors was small, and the percentage of women TV news directors stands at the second-highest level ever. As far as minorities are concerned, the bigger picture remains unchanged. In the last 20 years, the minority population in the U.S. has risen 9.4 percent; but the minority workforce in TV news is up 2.4 percent, and the minority workforce in radio is actually half what it was two decades ago. Still, TV news diversity remains far ahead of newspaper (see sidebar).
For the second year in a row, the percentage of minorities in television decreased from the year before. In fact, we end the decade with no gains whatsoever for minorities in TV news, and the percentage of minorities in radio news is down substantially. In TV, much of the drop in minority employment -- and Hispanics specifically – came from a drop at Hispanic stations. Among non-Hispanic stations, minority employment slipped by just 0.3 percent to 19.3, down from last year's 19.6 percent.
At non-Hispanic stations, the minority break down is:
• 10.3 percent African American (up from 9.8 percent)
• 5.7 percent Hispanic (down from 6.2 percent)
• 2.8 percent Asian American (down from 3.1 percent)
• 0.5 percent Native American (unchanged from a year ago)
Overall, 73.9 percent of the TV news workforce at Hispanic stations are Hispanic. That's up slightly from last year's 72 percent. Twenty percent are white; 3.5 percent are Asian American; 2.6 percent are African American. That's down for white and black and up for Asian American.
As usual, men outnumber women for almost all groups except Asian Americans, where women out number men 1.5:1 and Native Americans, which were even. Otherwise, differences are greatest among Hispanics 3.6 percent male to 2.2 percent female; whites: 48.6 percent to 31.2; blacks 6.7 percent to 4.8 percent.
In radio, the percentage of minorities fell substantially. All groups dropped except Native American.
The overall percentage of minority news directors in TV increased by almost two percent last year. It's still below the all-time high, but it's certainly among the highest percentages I've seen. Much of that was fueled by a jump in Asian American news directors. Historically, minority news directors have been concentrated in the largest markets. It's still highest in markets 1 - 25, but the percentages are in double digits for all market sizes except 51 - 100. That's a first. The percentage is still lowest at the largest stations -- just 2.8 percent minority in newsrooms of 51+ staffers. Fox affiliates had the highest percentage at 15.8 percent, followed by CBS at 10.8 percent. Both ABC and NBC affiliates were between 6 and 7 percent. Still, the big four network affiliates, overall, had 9.7 percent minority news directors. That's up from 6.9 percent the year before. As usual, minority news directors were most common in the South and West and least likely in the Midwest.
At non-Hispanic TV stations, the percentage of minority news directors rose from last year's 7 percent to 8.9 percent. That's just off the all time high of 9.1 percent two years ago. 3.2 percent were African American; 2.5 percent each for Hispanic and Asian American; and 0.7 percent Native American. That's about the same for African American and Native American and up for Hispanic and Asian American. The percentage of minority news directors in radio tripled from last year's paltry 2.2 percent to this year's 7 percent. All minority groups went up except Asian American, which slid slightly. Group-owned stations were less likely to have minority news directors than independent stations.
At 28.4 percent, the percentage of women TV news directors fell 0.7 percent from last year's all-time high of 29.1 percent. It's still the second-highest percentage ever. It’s also worth emphasizing that the percentage of women TV news directors in the RTDNA /Hofstra University Annual Survey is based on a complete station census – not projected from a smaller sample. So 28.4 percent isn’t a rough figure, it’s an exact one. Women news directors were highest in the Midwest and then West and lowest in the South. There was no meaningful difference based on network affiliation.
Women have been right around the 40-percentage mark of the TV workforce for more than a decade. Last year, the number edged up to 41.4 percent, but this year it's back down to 40.0 percent. That could indicate that women in TV news lost their jobs at a higher rate than men, but it could also just be an anomaly in the numbers. Perhaps I'll have the answer after next year's survey.
Readers with sharp eyes might wonder how women can be in all stations based on staff size but in smaller percentages based on market size. That's because I have all market sizes for all stations, but quite a few stations don't tell me exact staff size. All the stations that supply staff size reported having women in the news department, but that wasn't the case for all stations that returned the survey. That kind of disparity doesn't happen often, but it's one of the hazards in survey research.
A mixed picture for women in radio news in 2010, the percentage of women in the radio workforce stayed essentially the same (up by 1.0 percent). The percentage of stations with women rose by 10 percent, but the percentage of women radio news directors fell by 9 percent. The opposite of last year, women were actually more likely to be news director at stations with larger staffs but less likely to be in the Northeast than elsewhere in the country.
Major markets are those with 1 million or more listeners. Large markets are from 250,000 to 1 million. Medium markets are 50,000 to 250,000. Small markets are fewer than 50,000.
Minority numbers in TV news present a mixed picture. The percentage of minority TV news directors rose by almost 2 percent in the last year to one of the highest levels ever. At the same time, the overall minority workforce dropped by about a percent and a half, and there was a large, puzzling drop in the percentage of stations with minorities. I suspect the latter number is an aberration that will disappear next year.
There are few consistent trends within the minority data. Generally, the larger the market has the higher percentage of minorities. Fox affiliates were a little more likely than other network affiliates to have minority news directors, and ABC and NBC affiliates were least likely to have minority news directors. As usual, stations in the South and West were more likely to have minority news directors and stations there also tended to have a higher percentage of minorities in the newsroom.
Even as the percentage of the minority workforce in radio news fell to one of its lowest levels ever, the percentage of minority radio news directors rose substantially from last year. At 7.1 percent, the percentage of minority radio news directors isn't the highest it's been, but it's certainly on the high end of the scale.
Both minority and women numbers are up slightly from a year ago, but they look a lot like last year. Women GMs (at stations that run local news) are more likely to be found in smaller newsrooms and at ABC affiliates and less likely in the Northeast.
At 2.7 percent last year, it was hard to imagine that minority general managers (at network affiliates that run local news) could become even more white, but they did. Now, under 2 percent of those GMs are minorities. The overall percentage of minority went up slightly because minorities at independent stations went up. Among the network affiliates, ABC and NBC stations were much higher than CBS or Fox -- but all were low.
At non-Hispanic stations (which run local news), minority GM numbers were cut by one-third from a year ago ... which was down two-thirds from the year before that. Minority GMs at non-Hispanic stations have gone from 9.8 percent to 3.1 percent to 2.6 percent in the latest survey. Most of those are black. Seventy percent of the GMs at Hispanic stations are Hispanic; the rest are white.
Radio General Managers – 2010
Percent Caucasian Percent Minority Percent Men Percent Women
All Radio 92% 8.0% 81.7% 18.3%
Both minority and women numbers went up in the last year. Both are more likely to be found at non-commercial stations and independent stations. Minority GMs were also most likely to be in the Northeast, then the West.
The RTDNA/Hofstra University Survey was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2009 among all 1,770 operating, non-satellite television stations and a random sample of 4,000 radio stations. Valid responses came from 1,355 television stations (76.6 percent) and 203 radio news directors and general managers representing 301 radio stations.
Some data sets (e.g. the number of TV stations originating local news, getting it from others and women TV news directors) is based on a complete census and is not projected from a smaller sample.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL:
Age - 2010
The typical TV news director remained in the mid 40s. The median was 44 and the average was 45. Overall, the age ranged from 28 to 69. Generally, news directors were a little older in the largest markets and the largest stations, but the differences were quite small. Network affiliation and region made no difference.
News directors appear to be getting a lot less nomadic. The typical TV news director had been at his or her station for just over 6 years (although not necessarily as news director). The average tenure at that station for the news director was eight and a half years. One news director had been at the station for 48 years. The numbers didn't vary a lot by market size, although news directors in the very smallest markets tended to have been there a little less than for other markets. Overall, news directors were a little more stable in the Midwest and Northeast than in the South and West. In radio, the median age for news director was 48 and the average was 45. Interestingly, the average and median ages for news directors at commercial stations was about 10 years older than for those at non-commercial stations. Radio news directors are even less nomadic than TV news directors. The typical (median) radio news director had been at his or her station for 6 years (although not necessarily as news director). The average tenure at that station for the news director was 10.3 years.
Newspapers and TV
The 2010 survey by the American Society of News Editors found that minority journalists make up 13.3 percent of newsroom employees at daily newspapers. That’s down 0.1 percent from the 2009 number.
Daily Newspapers TV News
Minority population 13.3% 20.2%
African American 4.9 11.5
Hispanic/Latino 4.6 5.8
Asian American 3.3 2.3
Native American 0.5 0.5
Women 36.6 40.0
Daily Newspapers TV News (non-Hispanic only)
Daily Newspapers TV News
Minority population 13.3% 19.3%
African American 4.9 10.3
Hispanic/Latino 4.6 5.7
Asian American 3.3 2.8
Native American 0.5 0.5
Women 36.6 40.0
The above statistical data is necessary in these reply comments to show the underserved, minority and women are on a continue decline in several medium of communication. If the FCC does not reconsider its Order to allow Sirius XM to choose whom will be given the Licenses the voices of the underserved, minorities and women will continue to get smaller and smaller.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Malik Shakur
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
By
Malik Shakur CEO
December 19, 2010
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20554
In the Matter of
Applications for Consent to the Transfer of MB Docket No. 07-57
Control of Licenses,
XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor,
to
Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc., Transferee
To: The Commission, Office of the Secretary
Attn: Chief, Media Bureau
REPLY COMMENTS OF iCLICK2MEDIA
iClick2Media an Independent Creative Artists Company submits these comments with limited support for the Petition for Reconsideration of Clarification by the Minority Media and Telecommunications Council (“MMTC”) filed in response to the Commission’s October 19, 2010 Supplemental Merger Order. In that Supplemental Merger Order, the Commission had adopted the implementation details for the voluntary commitment made by Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. (“Sirius”) and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. (XM) to lease a portion of their combined channel capacity to certain “Qualified Entities” as a condition to the merger of the two satellite broadcasters (hereinafter, “Sirius XM”) on July 28, 2008 (“Leasing Condition”). In particular iClick2Media agrees that the new definition of Qualify Entity should be clarified and also believes the commission should remove any and or clearly define any language that has any ambiguity as discussed in iClick2Media’s Letter of Opinion to the Commission on November 12 2010 . iClick2Media however does not agree with MMTC concept to now include three race-neutral (but not racially dilute) classifications: Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs), Asian American Serving Institutions (AASIs), and Native American Serving Institutions (NASIs). iClick2Media like the others on the docket have filed comments and met with the members of the FCC stand firm in its belief that the order should be set aside and the original plan as defined in the order when the FCC approved the merger between XM and Sirius should stand.
Further as I stated I applaud your efforts in finding a solution that included all the active parties ideas, and concepts on the docket however history has show that without clear distinctness of terms in place the underserved is seldom served. By back peddling the FCC continues to maintain the status quo when it comes to the underserved, minorities and women in telecommunications. The line between racial preference and race-neutral is finding the less restrictive mean of achieving equality. It does not mean walking away from your responsibility a responsibility the FCC obligated itself to oversee and has a duty to ensure fairness over such communication.
The latest Radio Television, Digital News Associations (RTDNA) Hofstra University Annual Survey finds that the percentage of minority news directors rose in both television and radio. But those were nearly the only positive numbers in the survey. Overall, the percentage of minorities in both radio and television fell for the third straight year, although the drop in TV was small. Women in radio news rose slightly, but the percentage of women radio news directors went down, as did both the overall percentage of women in TV news and women TV news directors. The drop in women TV news directors was small, and the percentage of women TV news directors stands at the second-highest level ever. As far as minorities are concerned, the bigger picture remains unchanged. In the last 20 years, the minority population in the U.S. has risen 9.4 percent; but the minority workforce in TV news is up 2.4 percent, and the minority workforce in radio is actually half what it was two decades ago. Still, TV news diversity remains far ahead of newspaper (see sidebar).
For the second year in a row, the percentage of minorities in television decreased from the year before. In fact, we end the decade with no gains whatsoever for minorities in TV news, and the percentage of minorities in radio news is down substantially. In TV, much of the drop in minority employment -- and Hispanics specifically – came from a drop at Hispanic stations. Among non-Hispanic stations, minority employment slipped by just 0.3 percent to 19.3, down from last year's 19.6 percent.
At non-Hispanic stations, the minority break down is:
• 10.3 percent African American (up from 9.8 percent)
• 5.7 percent Hispanic (down from 6.2 percent)
• 2.8 percent Asian American (down from 3.1 percent)
• 0.5 percent Native American (unchanged from a year ago)
Overall, 73.9 percent of the TV news workforce at Hispanic stations are Hispanic. That's up slightly from last year's 72 percent. Twenty percent are white; 3.5 percent are Asian American; 2.6 percent are African American. That's down for white and black and up for Asian American.
As usual, men outnumber women for almost all groups except Asian Americans, where women out number men 1.5:1 and Native Americans, which were even. Otherwise, differences are greatest among Hispanics 3.6 percent male to 2.2 percent female; whites: 48.6 percent to 31.2; blacks 6.7 percent to 4.8 percent.
In radio, the percentage of minorities fell substantially. All groups dropped except Native American.
The overall percentage of minority news directors in TV increased by almost two percent last year. It's still below the all-time high, but it's certainly among the highest percentages I've seen. Much of that was fueled by a jump in Asian American news directors. Historically, minority news directors have been concentrated in the largest markets. It's still highest in markets 1 - 25, but the percentages are in double digits for all market sizes except 51 - 100. That's a first. The percentage is still lowest at the largest stations -- just 2.8 percent minority in newsrooms of 51+ staffers. Fox affiliates had the highest percentage at 15.8 percent, followed by CBS at 10.8 percent. Both ABC and NBC affiliates were between 6 and 7 percent. Still, the big four network affiliates, overall, had 9.7 percent minority news directors. That's up from 6.9 percent the year before. As usual, minority news directors were most common in the South and West and least likely in the Midwest.
At non-Hispanic TV stations, the percentage of minority news directors rose from last year's 7 percent to 8.9 percent. That's just off the all time high of 9.1 percent two years ago. 3.2 percent were African American; 2.5 percent each for Hispanic and Asian American; and 0.7 percent Native American. That's about the same for African American and Native American and up for Hispanic and Asian American. The percentage of minority news directors in radio tripled from last year's paltry 2.2 percent to this year's 7 percent. All minority groups went up except Asian American, which slid slightly. Group-owned stations were less likely to have minority news directors than independent stations.
At 28.4 percent, the percentage of women TV news directors fell 0.7 percent from last year's all-time high of 29.1 percent. It's still the second-highest percentage ever. It’s also worth emphasizing that the percentage of women TV news directors in the RTDNA /Hofstra University Annual Survey is based on a complete station census – not projected from a smaller sample. So 28.4 percent isn’t a rough figure, it’s an exact one. Women news directors were highest in the Midwest and then West and lowest in the South. There was no meaningful difference based on network affiliation.
Women have been right around the 40-percentage mark of the TV workforce for more than a decade. Last year, the number edged up to 41.4 percent, but this year it's back down to 40.0 percent. That could indicate that women in TV news lost their jobs at a higher rate than men, but it could also just be an anomaly in the numbers. Perhaps I'll have the answer after next year's survey.
Readers with sharp eyes might wonder how women can be in all stations based on staff size but in smaller percentages based on market size. That's because I have all market sizes for all stations, but quite a few stations don't tell me exact staff size. All the stations that supply staff size reported having women in the news department, but that wasn't the case for all stations that returned the survey. That kind of disparity doesn't happen often, but it's one of the hazards in survey research.
A mixed picture for women in radio news in 2010, the percentage of women in the radio workforce stayed essentially the same (up by 1.0 percent). The percentage of stations with women rose by 10 percent, but the percentage of women radio news directors fell by 9 percent. The opposite of last year, women were actually more likely to be news director at stations with larger staffs but less likely to be in the Northeast than elsewhere in the country.
Major markets are those with 1 million or more listeners. Large markets are from 250,000 to 1 million. Medium markets are 50,000 to 250,000. Small markets are fewer than 50,000.
Minority numbers in TV news present a mixed picture. The percentage of minority TV news directors rose by almost 2 percent in the last year to one of the highest levels ever. At the same time, the overall minority workforce dropped by about a percent and a half, and there was a large, puzzling drop in the percentage of stations with minorities. I suspect the latter number is an aberration that will disappear next year.
There are few consistent trends within the minority data. Generally, the larger the market has the higher percentage of minorities. Fox affiliates were a little more likely than other network affiliates to have minority news directors, and ABC and NBC affiliates were least likely to have minority news directors. As usual, stations in the South and West were more likely to have minority news directors and stations there also tended to have a higher percentage of minorities in the newsroom.
Even as the percentage of the minority workforce in radio news fell to one of its lowest levels ever, the percentage of minority radio news directors rose substantially from last year. At 7.1 percent, the percentage of minority radio news directors isn't the highest it's been, but it's certainly on the high end of the scale.
Both minority and women numbers are up slightly from a year ago, but they look a lot like last year. Women GMs (at stations that run local news) are more likely to be found in smaller newsrooms and at ABC affiliates and less likely in the Northeast.
At 2.7 percent last year, it was hard to imagine that minority general managers (at network affiliates that run local news) could become even more white, but they did. Now, under 2 percent of those GMs are minorities. The overall percentage of minority went up slightly because minorities at independent stations went up. Among the network affiliates, ABC and NBC stations were much higher than CBS or Fox -- but all were low.
At non-Hispanic stations (which run local news), minority GM numbers were cut by one-third from a year ago ... which was down two-thirds from the year before that. Minority GMs at non-Hispanic stations have gone from 9.8 percent to 3.1 percent to 2.6 percent in the latest survey. Most of those are black. Seventy percent of the GMs at Hispanic stations are Hispanic; the rest are white.
Radio General Managers – 2010
Percent Caucasian Percent Minority Percent Men Percent Women
All Radio 92% 8.0% 81.7% 18.3%
Both minority and women numbers went up in the last year. Both are more likely to be found at non-commercial stations and independent stations. Minority GMs were also most likely to be in the Northeast, then the West.
The RTDNA/Hofstra University Survey was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2009 among all 1,770 operating, non-satellite television stations and a random sample of 4,000 radio stations. Valid responses came from 1,355 television stations (76.6 percent) and 203 radio news directors and general managers representing 301 radio stations.
Some data sets (e.g. the number of TV stations originating local news, getting it from others and women TV news directors) is based on a complete census and is not projected from a smaller sample.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL:
Age - 2010
The typical TV news director remained in the mid 40s. The median was 44 and the average was 45. Overall, the age ranged from 28 to 69. Generally, news directors were a little older in the largest markets and the largest stations, but the differences were quite small. Network affiliation and region made no difference.
News directors appear to be getting a lot less nomadic. The typical TV news director had been at his or her station for just over 6 years (although not necessarily as news director). The average tenure at that station for the news director was eight and a half years. One news director had been at the station for 48 years. The numbers didn't vary a lot by market size, although news directors in the very smallest markets tended to have been there a little less than for other markets. Overall, news directors were a little more stable in the Midwest and Northeast than in the South and West. In radio, the median age for news director was 48 and the average was 45. Interestingly, the average and median ages for news directors at commercial stations was about 10 years older than for those at non-commercial stations. Radio news directors are even less nomadic than TV news directors. The typical (median) radio news director had been at his or her station for 6 years (although not necessarily as news director). The average tenure at that station for the news director was 10.3 years.
Newspapers and TV
The 2010 survey by the American Society of News Editors found that minority journalists make up 13.3 percent of newsroom employees at daily newspapers. That’s down 0.1 percent from the 2009 number.
Daily Newspapers TV News
Minority population 13.3% 20.2%
African American 4.9 11.5
Hispanic/Latino 4.6 5.8
Asian American 3.3 2.3
Native American 0.5 0.5
Women 36.6 40.0
Daily Newspapers TV News (non-Hispanic only)
Daily Newspapers TV News
Minority population 13.3% 19.3%
African American 4.9 10.3
Hispanic/Latino 4.6 5.7
Asian American 3.3 2.8
Native American 0.5 0.5
Women 36.6 40.0
The above statistical data is necessary in these reply comments to show the underserved, minority and women are on a continue decline in several medium of communication. If the FCC does not reconsider its Order to allow Sirius XM to choose whom will be given the Licenses the voices of the underserved, minorities and women will continue to get smaller and smaller.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Malik Shakur
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
By
Malik Shakur CEO
December 19, 2010
Friday, November 12, 2010
iClick2Media’s Opinion on New Order
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: iClick2Media’s OPINION ON the MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER 07-57 Adopted: October 18, 2010 Released October 19, 2010
Dear Ms. Dortch:
I applaud your efforts in finding a solution that included all the active parties ideas, and concepts on the docket. Though you did not adopt any of AIR’s ideas and concepts per say the fact that you saw the importance of including parts of AIR’s objectives is clear our concept for the 24 channels is on the right path: Some of those points include:
Qualified Entity Definition
To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to define “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral.
Transparent Selection Process
Although we do not adopt AIR’s specific proposals, we require Sirius XM to file with the Commission within 30 days of release of this Order a notification that identifies a public website or similarly accessible source where the following information relating to the application process will be available to the public: (1) the definition of Qualified Entity as provided herein; (2) the deadline and procedures for submitting applications; (3) any specific information that it will require applicants to submit; and (4) any specific application criteria that Sirius XM intends to apply in its review of potential lessees…The specific application criteria must be open to all entities that meet the definition of a Qualified Entity and cannot place limits on who can apply.
Capacity Allocation
Second, the limitation is sufficiently generous that it will permit a lessee to acquire enough channels to accommodate business plans dependent on programming more than a single channel and allow a single lessee to provide a variety of high-quality, diverse programming that is not otherwise available to SDARS subscribers and may attract new subscribers and enhance the commercial viability of SDARS. Sirius XM may also elect to lease a single channel to more than one lessee, thereby increasing the number of distinct voices, as some commenters suggest.
Capacity Calculation
In response, commenters generally characterize the leased capacity in terms of “channels.
Implementation Details
DBS operators make NCE channels “available” by including the channels on every tier or programming package at no additional charge. Consistent with this approach, we require that the leased channels be part of every compatible package or tier 98 provided to Sirius XM subscribers, to the extent technically feasible, including Internet subscribers as AIR suggests, and that Sirius XM not assess an additional charge for the receipt of these channels.
Indemnification
AIR, Entravision, and Radio One assert that Sirius XM should be indemnified for its implementation of the Leasing Condition. We agree and conclude that Sirius XM should be permitted to require lessees to indemnify Sirius XM against liability arising from their conduct as lessees. We believe that private negotiation is the best means to implement the indemnification requirement in this context and therefore decline to adopt specific conditions or limits regarding the type of contractual indemnification agreement or the amount of coverage or the type of insurance policy that Sirius XM may require. Consistent with our approach in cable leased access, however, we will require that insurance and indemnification requirements be reasonable in relation to the equitable objective of limiting the liability of Sirius XM for conduct of lessees over which it will have little or no control.
Advertising
At least one commenter has indicated that the success of lessees may depend, at least in part, on advertising revenue. We find it reasonable for lessees to include advertising on their channels as a means of support for their programming. As a result, we conclude that it would be inappropriate for Sirius XM to prevent lessees from airing a reasonable amount of advertising on the leased channels.
Enforcement
We adopt enforcement procedures that we conclude are appropriate for SDARS and specifically for compliance with this condition. A few commenters suggest that the Commission include enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of the Leasing Condition. In particular, AIR proposes that alternative dispute resolution procedures be used to resolve conflicts that arise in the implementation of the Leasing Condition.
However, I am concern with the net that is now in place to grab a wider group of entities or persons wanting to be considered for the 12 commercial channels that are now suppose to be race-neutral. History has show that without clear distinctness of terms in place the underserved is seldom served. By back peddling the FCC continues to maintain the status quo when it comes to the underserved, minorities and women. Though I understand your side stepping your fiduciary duties because of potential legal concerns as assumed in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña , City of Richmond v. Croson Co., and other cases but the voluntary commitments proposed by (the then applicants) Sirius and XM are not effect by either of the court ruling unless I missed a memo that Sirius XM a publicly traded company became a branch of the federal, state and or any local government. At first thought I was going to write an opinion on each section of the order but I think iClick2Media’s focus will be the issues that it believes are quintessential. Be advised iClick2Media, AIR and or its parent company Independent Creative Artists reserve the right to re-visit any other concerns as it relates to this order or to the issue of the 24 channels made available via the voluntary commitments.
One of the key components that is stated in the Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order Section IV Potential Public Interest Harms Section C - Other Potential Public Harms states:
In this section we examine the impact of the merger on the Commission’s goals of diversity and localism. We find that Applicants’ voluntary commitments address concerns about the potential loss of diversity, we find that the merger is not likely to frustrate the Commission’s localism goal.
Further in the same documents Section VI: Balancing Public Interest Harms and Benefits Clause A. General Introduction and Summary states:
As previously noted, under the Communication Act, we must determine whether the “public interest, convenience and necessity will be served” by granting the Application . We now employ a balancing process, weighing the potential harm of the propose transaction that we have found against the potential public interest benefits . Applicants bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the proposed transaction, on balance, will serve the public interest . Absents Applicants’ voluntary commitments and other conditions, the harms outweigh the potential benefits; the presents of these voluntary commitments mitigates the harm and ensures that benefits are realized. The Application and the record before us make clear that, on balance, the public interest will be served by approval of the application subject to the voluntary commitments and other conditions that we will discuss below. Accordingly, we accept the Applicant’s voluntary offer of these commitments with the expectation that Applicants will adhere to each according to its specified terms and within the specified timeframes . These voluntary commitments are fully enforceable by the Commission .
In iClick2Media’s opinion the reasoning for accepting said responsibility were to hold Sirius XM’s feet to the fire; to avoid them from not adhering or selectively forgetting the voluntary commitments they made prior to merger being finalized. The FCC acceptance the voluntary commitments and claimed they are fully enforceable by the Commission to then redefining the term “Qualified Entities” and labeling it as a reasonable solution that only took two (2) years, two (2) months and nineteen (19) days after the approval of said merger smells rotten. But this is not the first time that the FCC has let the underserved, minorities and women down. In "The Scope of Competition in Telecommunications," states:
The overall goal of telecommunications policy is to maximize efficiency through competition. The logic of competition and antitrust law in the United States is to guard against restrictions and impediments to competition that are not likely to be naturally corrected by competitive forces. As an alternative to antitrust and competition law, economic regulation has been established in three exceptional case: (i) for those markets where it is clear that competition cannot be achieved by market forces; (ii) where deviation from efficiency is deemed socially desirable; and (iii) where the social and private benefits are clearly different.
In each of these cases, it is clear that a market without intervention will not result in the desired outcome. In the first case, this is true by the definition of the category. In the second case, markets may lead to efficiency, but society prefers a different outcome, and intervention is necessary to achieve the diversity goals (voluntary commitments . In the third case, maximization of social surplus does not coincide with maximization of the sum of profits and consumers’ surplus because of “externalities, which is why the voluntary commitments were added to ensure profits would not override the necessity of having the underserved, minorities and women’s voices on satellite radio.
In reading the Memorandum Opinion and Order your new concept of race-neutral feel more like the EEO Rule 47, C.F.R 73.2080 . The rule does not require that any person be hired or accorded a hiring preference based or racial or ethnic status. Rather, its requires that licensees make efforts to recruit minority and women applications so that they will be ensure access to the hiring process which is fundamentally different from a race-based preference program such as that at issues in Adarand . However the issues still remains Sirius XM is NOT a governmental agency, does not has the ability to implement any governmental agency race-based programs and cannot beheld to Adarand standards. Mere outreach and recruitment efforts…typically would not be subject to Adarand standards. Indeed, post-Croson cases indicate that such efforts are considered race neutral means of increasing minority opportunity. In some sense, of course, the targeting of minorities through outreach and recruitment campaigns involves race-conscious action. But the objective when the merger between Sirius and XM was approved the objective was not to expand the pool of applications or bidders but to include them so their voices would not absent on satellite radio. The definition of Qualified Entity was included to avoid the potential lockout of these Qualified Entity from this new (non-governmental) company. What a way to cool off the hot potato on everyone mind.
In a statement made by Chairman Kevin J. Martin regarding the “Voluntary Commitments” made by Sirius and XM states:
“I said at the time that the two companies announced their intent to merge that I thought they had a high hurdle to meet if they wanted to prove that the transaction would be in the public interest. It has taken some time, but I do believe that with the essential “Voluntary Commitments” they have made, the parties have met this burden…. I commend the parties for committing to offer more choice and flexibility in how they purchase channels…. I am pleased that the parties have committed to offering consumers, for the first time, with a specific percentage of diverse programming. The companies have agreed to dedicate eight percent of their channels – 24 channels in total—to minority and public access programming. This will create greater opportunities for more voices to be heard on satellite radio, covering the issues that are important to those communities that may have traditionally been ignored in the past .
Are those issues important to Sirius XM? I think not because if they were important there would have been no need to offer the voluntary commitments. It seems the offer was nothing more than appeasing the voices that were crying foul prior to the merger .
Further iClick2Media believes that the concern express in the Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Jonathan S. Adelstein now raises the red flags he spoke of. According to his dissent Commissioner Adelstine wrote:
Sirius and XM (collectively the “Applicants”) currently offer dynamic and competitive audio programming to consumers. Their marketplace competition with each other has undoubtedly contributed to their cutting edge appeal…The Applicants’ commitment to set aside four percent of full-time audio channels for noncommercial educational and informational programming as well as four percent for qualified entity programming is a small step in the right direction. There is no explanation, however, as to why these commitments are significant enough to offset the potential public interest harms by a merger to monopoly…and, it is left entirely unclear how the qualified entities will be selected, leaving the entire provision unintelligible and unpredictable. “We will determined the implementation details for use of these channels [for qualified entities] at a latter date, is a clear indication of the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry. Once again, rather than taking a decisive step forward to improve the plight of women and people of color in media, the Commission has taken a step to the side”.
If the “high hurdle” was met by the Voluntary Commitments mentioned by Chairman Kevin J. Martin and the belief by Commissioner Adelstein that “a clear indication of the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry” was true on July 25, 2008 how can the FCC now decide these points are trivial and place such faith in Sirius XM that they will do the right thing in 2010? Had not Sirius and XM developed the Voluntary Commitments would the merger between the two companies happened? From the language maybe not but to walk a way from one of the key components within the Voluntary Commitments bring to fruition the fears mentioned in the Merger Order
How about the statement made by Commissioner Deborah Taylor-Tate where she states:
The forfeitures imposed against these companies, in combination with strict compliance plan they will submit to, convince me that it is now reasonable to consider and approve the merger application. With the sluggish economic outlook and the Down Jones Industrial Average closing down almost 100 points in mid-July, compounding this environment with a negative regulatory decision could greatly harm both companies and, more importantly, their subscribers. While the FCC is only a tiny piece of the economic puzzle, I believe it is our responsibility to contribute to a vibrant healthy marketplace within those sectors under our purview.
In this statement the Commissioner realized that Sirius XM bottom line is important to survive as she states “a negative regulatory decision could greatly harm both companies and, more importantly, their subscribers” shows the FCC had a concern regarding the economic viability of the two company and saw if Sirius and XM were to survive in the “sluggish economic” they had to merge. If merging of the two was to remove the anxiety of the then economy its not that big of a step to show Sirius XM will do what is best for their shareholders and company bottom line as a oppose to doing what best for the underserved, minorities and women.
She goes on and states:
The Applicants have the burden of providing the propose transaction on balance, serves the public interest by a preponderance of the evidence. While my reaming concerns are many, I find that the Applicants have shown that this merger, with the voluntary conditions and concessions, and the previously agreed upon consent decree for their violations on balance will serve the public interest…The parties before the Commission today have knowingly violated a number of Commission rules and guidelines. For this reason, I felt it was necessary to resolve the issue through enforcement action first, and then proceed to consider the merger application. XM has agreed to pay $17,394,375 and Sirius has agreed to pay $2,200,000 million for violating modulator and terrestrial repeater rules. In addition both companies have entered into consent decrees that mandate strict compliance with certifications, reporting requirements, and penalties associated with future violations. Specifically, they have agreed to hire compliance officers whose primary responsibility will be to ensure compliance with the FCC.
It can be inferred that the Commissioner had concern regarding the past violation and saw if the two companies were merged would do the same thing if the fines had not been placed on them and the compliance officers put in place. This show the apprehension she felt about the potential of taking advantage of the system and the consumers. What about the last paragraph of Commissioner Taylor-Tate statement where she states:
Four percent of all channels on both systems must be set aside for non-commercial educational programming, and four percent must be set aside for use by “qualified entities” such as minority broadcasters. Only one programming channel per programmer will count towards the set-aside. This will promote a greater diversity of voices, and grant complete editorial control to other programmers and owners…The FCC will determine the appropriate process for selecting programmers to occupy set-aside channels. The Applicants (Sirius & XM) will not be part of this process.
So here’s another question for the FCC why did the FCC impose fines and demand compliance officers be put in place before the merger was complete and state Sirius XM would not be a part of the process? Here’s why, somewhere in the back of the collective brain of the FCC they saw the possibility that Sirius XM if left alone would not do the right thing. If that was the logical thinking then and all the concerns express during the process of the two companies merging prior to the Voluntary Commitments being presented to the FCC which assured all parties (FCC, Senate, Third parties and the Consumers) concerns were met, how can you now believe Sirius XM will hold true to the intent of what the 24 channels were set aside for? We all knew as long as big brother was choosing there could be a sense of fairness, iClick2Media doesn’t see that so much now. What iClick2Media does see is in two years two months and nineteen days the doors of diversity that had been open in this medium has now be slammed closed and there are no other opportunities for the underserved, minorities and women to go to since Sirius XM is now the only game in town.
Finally in Commissioner Taylor-Tate in her conclusion states:
In conclusion, I voted to approve this merger in light of many public interest benefits…The FCC will oversee the compliance of these two companies, and I personally intend to follow up with the merged entity and the FCC’s enforcement Bureau to ensure they are fulfilling the terms of the enforcement and merger agreement…The Commission will also ensure that the spectrum is used in a way that servers the public interest by enhancing diversity and giving voice to minority and noncommercial broadcasters.
Can the FCC really believe by changing the definition of the Qualified Entity and or Entities will serve that the public interests, the underserved, minorities and women by sidestepping their responsibility? At what price? Does not the FCC have the inalienable right to maintain an equal playing field? Statically there is data that proves a huge disparages that the current state of the underserved, minorities and women with access and or ownership is dismal at best. Comments on Regulation of Access to Vertically-Integrated Natural Monopolies show the main idea behind regulations was necessary because the market for telecommunication services was a natural monopoly, and therefore a second competitor would not survive. Regulations were imposed to protect consumers from monopolistic abuses. When the FCC allow this Merger to occur it only allow it to happen with the Voluntary Commitments in place and within those commitments it was stressed that Sirius XM would not have a voice in deciding what Qualified Entity or Entities would be granted the channels. Why was that? To ensure Sirius XM would not be tempted to ignore the conditions it had agreed on (voluntary commitments) the very thing that moved the obstacle of concerns out of the way and pushed the approval of the merger through.
Paragraph 3 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
We require Sirius XM reasonably to exercise its good-faith judgment to select as lessees those Qualified Entities that it believes will advance our diversity goals. We expect that Sirius XM will use this selection process to create opportunities for a variety of programmers, including new entrants.
The words “reasonably to exercise”, “its good-faith judgment”, “expect”, and “its believes: are a cause for alarm. There is nothing within the order that narrowly defines what “reasonably to exercise”, “good faith judgment” nor what “it believes will advance our diversity goals” are. Without defining what theses terms in the Order means you allow the subjective thought to be the guideline for what entities can get these channels because the judgment of the channels will be based on Sirius XM’s bottom line not what best for the underserved, minorities and women.
Paragraph 5 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
Several commenters in the merger proceeding voiced concerns that the merger of the sole two providers of satellite digital audio radio service would harm viewpoint and program diversity. The Commission found that the Applicants’ voluntary commitment to provide long-term leases addressed the diversity concerns, raised by commenters and was consistent with the Commission’s goals of fostering competition and diversity.
Yes the concerns regarding programming diversity had been addressed by the voluntary commitments however those concerns were eased when the FCC was to be the deciding voice not Sirius XM. By shifting (which is different from the order containing the Voluntary Commitment) deciding power of what Qualified Entity or Entities will get these channels from the FCC to Sirius XM regardless of the requirement in the order continue the perpetual history that Commissioner Adelstein spoke of in his dissent that side step giving the appearance of an open door but continue the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry.
HOW BOUT THIS, way back when in 1996 when then President Clinton signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 into law was the first major reform since the original 1934 Telecommunications Act. The restructuring of the US telecommunications sector crystallized changes that had become necessary because of technological progress. Rapid technological change has always been the original cause of regulatory change. The radical transformation of the regulatory environment and market conditions that was presently taking place as a result of the 1996 Act is no exception. The Telecommunication Act of 1996 was aimed to "preserve and advance universal service”, this meant:
(1) High quality at low rates.
(2) Access to advanced services in all States.
(3) Access in rural and high cost areas at comparable prices to other areas.
(4) Supported by "equitable and nondiscriminatory contributions" by "all providers of telecommunications services."
(5) Specific and predictable mechanisms to raise the required funds.
(6) Access to advanced telecommunications services for schools, health care, and libraries.
Though the purpose of the Act had good intentions (window dressing) the effect has created a bigger gap causing a De facto censorship. In a study done entitled Off The Dial: Female and Minority Radio Station Ownership in the United States shows that media consolidation is one of the key factors keeping female and minority station ownership at low levels. As consolidation cuts back the already limited number of stations available, women and people of color have fewer chances to become media owners and promote diverse programming.
Here’s another something else that show the role or lack there of. In an article Minority progress in media and why it’s important written by Rick Albertson for Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts explains:
“The FCC is the agency charged with governing the media. The FCC has an obligation to promote the public interest, including diversity in media ownership. Unfortunately, the FCC has failed to adequately assess the state of minority-owned media, or develop constructive ways to encourage underrepresented entities to become larger players in the media landscape…Now we understand the FCC may soon consider changes in the media ownership rules that only help big media get bigger, but do nothing to make media more responsive to minority viewpoints and local communities…The FCC tried this once before, in 2003. At that time, the nation’s top broadcasters met behind closed doors with FCC officials more than 70 times. But the public was not invited. After the proposed rules were announced, a major public backlash ensued… Providing opportunities for minority-owned businesses to own media outlets is fundamental to creating the diverse media environment that federal law requires and the country deserves and demands… any changes to the media ownership rules must encourage new entrants into the market and prioritize the entry of small, women-owned and minority-owned businesses.
In 2006 Senator Kerry urged then FCC Chairman Kevin Martin to address the issue of diversity in media ownership. In 2007-08 several other leaders in Congress — including Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey, Rep. Hilda L. Solis of California and Rep. John Conyers Jr. of Michigan have also pressed the FCC to stop allowing greater corporate consolidation and start promoting media diversity due to the ever shrinking voice of the underserved minority markets. Just when it looked like the FCC was doing the right thing to ensure the voices of the underserved, minorities and women be heard on satellite they pull the rug from under those of us whom have been the most active on the docket and continue the perpetuation of what can be deemed segregation on the airwaves.
The FCC abdication of its responsibility to monitor and foster increased the underserved minority, and women’s voices on the dial, satellite and broadcast ownership has once again fallen to the waist side. By giving these channels back to Sirius XM and trusting they will due the right thing is like allowing a fox to sleep in the chicken coop. Sirius XM will due what’s best for Sirius XM’s bottom line not what best for the underserved, minorities and women. So here’s another question for the FCC if you now trust Sirius XM will do the right thing why did you take on the responsibility of deciding what Qualified Entity or Entities would be granted the 24 Channels 2008? According to the results of the FCC competitive analysis under “worst-case” assumptions :
“We conclude that the merger, absent Applicants’ “voluntary commitments” and other conditions, would result in potential harms. However. Applicants have committed voluntary to take steps that will mitigate these harms”.
At what point in the two years, two months and nineteen days did the potential harm stop becoming a potential harm? It has not. The facts are still the same; minorities, women and the underserved voices are ever-shrinking and now may not ever be heard on Satellite. The FCC continues to stick its head in the sand pretending that some Jennie on a magic carpet will ride into Washington D.C., and grant the FCC a wish and cause real diversity to be come a reality. But we all know that not going to happen and that why the decision on what Qualified Entity or Entities’ would be awarded the 24 channels was in the hands of the FCC not Sirius XM.
Paragraph 10 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
However, questions have been raised regarding the constitutionality of the definition of “Qualified Entity” as adopted in the Sirius-XM Merger Order. To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to define “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral. In particular, we define Qualified Entity to require only that a lessee: (1) not be directly or indirectly owned, in whole or in part, by Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM; (2) not share any common officers, directors, or employees with Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM; and (3) not have any existing relationships with Sirius XM for the supply of programming during the two years prior to the adoption date of this Order
So race-neutral now means everybody. Well I guess this is a case of the baby being thrown out with the bath water. What is so puzzling is the FCC doesn’t see a problem with this solution even with the statics from outside sources , the FCC own history of diversity or lack thereof, legal proceeding that have happen since the passing of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that clearly shows the underserved, minorities and women’s are absence and diversity continues to reach the point of non repair.
Paragraph 11 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
We expect that this revised Qualified Entity definition will encourage new entry because programmers already carried on the Sirius XM platform are excluded. In addition, we believe that additional guidance will help focus Sirius XM’s selection of lessees in a manner that will promote source, viewpoint, and programming diversity. We therefore provide below selection criteria and processes that, coupled with the modified definition of “Qualified Entity,” are intended to advance these objectives.
So you remove Radio One, Entravision or any other party that has any association with Sirius XM ability to gain access to these 12 channels but you open all the windows and doors and allow any one that fits the race-neutral definition to apply. Once again the FCC continues the status quo, its systematic behavior of ignoring its responsibility and allow the continue pushing of the underserved, minorities and women Off The Dial, Out of The Picture and soon off of satellite and out of the digital space.
Paragraph 12 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
The Public Notice sought comment on the process for selecting lessees if channel demand were to exceed supply. Based on the record developed in response to the Public Notice, we conclude that allowing Sirius XM to select the lessees, subject to the limitations and criteria described herein, would best serve the public interest because it is an efficient way to select qualified lessees, ensures that the lessees selected will be technically compatible with the Sirius XM service, and will promote an increase in source, viewpoint, and programming diversity on the SDARS platform as soon as possible. We find that alternative selection proposals proposed in response to the Public Notice could cause unnecessary delay and uncertainty in implementing the voluntary commitment, which could thwart the Commission’s goals of fostering diversity on the SDARS platform.
By not being the decider, the FCC continues to ignore its duties and insure the underserved, minorities and women will not have a voice under the Sirius XM brand. By pass the responsible back to Sirius XM continue to thwart the FCC goals for foresting diversity because without your influence into the decision you allow the forces like stock prices, investors, and what is best for Sirius XM bottom line to be the voice for choosing, not what’s best for the underserved, minorities and women. Though paragraph 23 of the Order states:
In order to ensure that any lessee selected by Sirius XM satisfies the criteria set forth in the definition of a Qualified Entity above, we require Sirius XM to notify the Media Bureau of its selections prior to signing an agreement for the leased channel or channels. This process will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review each proposed lessee for compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity before Sirius XM engages in the negotiations for a long-term lease or agreement, and it does not impose a significant burden or delay in the implementation of the Leasing Condition. Sirius XM must provide the name of each lessee it has selected and certify that, to the best of its information and belief, the entity meets the definition of a Qualified Entity as provided herein. The Media Bureau will have 45 days to respond to the selection of proposed lessees submitted by Sirius XM for our review. If the Bureau does not respond within 45 days, Sirius XM’s proposed lessee will be deemed to be in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity in accordance with this Order. Thereafter, Sirius XM may sign an agreement for the leased channel or channels. We do not intend to second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one lessee over another applicant where we agree that the selected lessee meets the definition of a Qualified Entity and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection process and capacity allocation requirements set forth in this Order.
However, nothing in this paragraph from the Order claims, states or give the FCC final say over the choices Sirius XM has made. What’s even worst is if the FCC does nothing within 45 days it is deemed the choice Sirius XM has made is in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity. What kind of craziness is that. So there subjective meaning to these words you choose (reasonably to exercise”, “its good-faith judgment”, “expect”, and “its believes) in choosing a Qualified Entity or Entities out weights the responsibility of the FCC? If that is true then the underserved, minorities and women have bigger problem than trying to acquire these channels because if this is the road the FCC is taking us down their wont be any advancement of any diversity goals.
Paragraph 13 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
Sirius XM Involvement: Although the Sirius-XM Merger Order indicated that Sirius XM would not be involved in the selection of the Qualified Entities, we believe this decision could hinder the implementation of this Leasing Condition for the reasons explained below. We sought comment on this issue in the Public Notice. The record compiled in response to the Public Notice strongly supports allowing Sirius XM to participate in the process of selecting lessees.
Though AIR in its comment expressed Sirius XM should be a part of the decision it has never suggest it be the sole decider. AIR understands the important of keeping its format consistence with its current format Sirius XM uses and must be able to adhere to those constrains. However AIR believes the greatest benefit in assuring the underserved is reached is with the use of digital transmission along with satellite. Sirius XM agrees with this concept because since the two companies merged, Sirius XM is now offering it services via mobile devices (i.e. iPhone and Blackberry with Sirius XM Apps). Which by the most current statistical data prove the digital divide is closing.
Paragraph 15 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
Our decision to allow Sirius XM to select among Qualified Entities is consistent with decisions regarding the selection of programmers for the Direct Broadcast Satellite (“DBS”) noncommercial educational or informational programming (“NCE”) set-aside and the NCE set-aside condition adopted in this proceeding . In the DBS context, the Commission permits the DBS operator to select the programmers who use the NCE set-aside. The Commission utilized the same approach in implementing the SDARS NCE set-aside condition in this proceeding. We have received no complaints regarding Sirius XM’s selection of programmers for the NCE set-aside and trust that Sirius XM will exercise good faith in selecting the lessees consistent with our guidance herein.
This is nothing more than red herring. Though there has been no complaints regarding Sirius XM’s selection of programmers for NCE does not exclude that fact there wont be favoritism or the selection of Qualified Entities based on how the Qualified Entities will help increase Sirius XM bottom line which is not what the intention of the 24 channels were when it was added to the then potential merge order . In fact the FCC might as well told Sirius XM we too care about your bottom line so we will allow you to do whatever you want as long as you stay between the lines (Oh the lines are as far apart as Los Angeles and Washington D.C., See Paragraph 18 of the Order ) that was not the intent when the decision was made to accept the application and approve the merger between the two. There is more at stake with the 12 commercial channels then there is with the 12 non-commercials channels. The 12 non-commercial channels are not moneymakers; they carry no weight and for many have very little value outside of educational use. However iClick2Media see’s the value in creating a block of 24 channels and achieving its goal of race-neutral programming that has been presented to the FCC throughout this process and again in August of this 2010 . It’s silly to think just because someone has not done something doesn’t mean if give the opportunity they wont do it and it’s clear from the merge order there were many concerns about this.
The Wrap-Up
The concept of race-neutral, gender-neutral when applied, assurance against actual discrimination. This is the type of Affirmative Action contemplated by President Lyndon Johnson’s Executive Order 11246 , in which he sought to ensure that individuals have equal opportunity without regard to their race, sex, or ethnicity. In this 1965 Executive Order, President Johnson consistently and repeatedly used the term Non-discrimination and never once mentioned racial quotas or preferences. The original, un-amended version of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similarly emphasize:
Race-neutrality and non-discrimination, racial-preferences and gender-preferences for the correct races and genders. Under this definition, Affirmative Action is comprised of programs and policies that grant favorable treatment on the basis of race or gender to government-defined “”disadvantage” individual. Under the definition, racial or gender preference must be granted even when the favored/aggrieved minority or gender has no actual evidence or proof that a company, boss, individual, or government agency has discriminated against them due to their race or gender.
The line between racial preference and race-neutral is finding the less restrictive mean of achieving equality. It does not mean walking away form your responsibility a responsibility the FCC obligated itself to oversee and has a duty to ensure fairness over such communication. By doing this you prove what the Third Circuit chastised the FCC for in Prometheus v. FCC ignoring the issues of the underserved, minority and women ownership.
It was important for iClick2Media to offer its opinion on this. Sometime you have to take a stand and when you draw you line in the sand you have to be prepared for what comes with taking that stand. iClick2Media might not be consider for these channels after its post this opinion but it does not make it right to the underserved, minorities and women to be treated like Oliver asking for a second helping either. Our voices need to be heard and our opinions count. Less we forget we too are part of the American fabric and with each strand of the fabric our stories, experiences, opinions, are just as important as Rush Limbaugh, Howard Stern, Sarah Palin, Al Franken Janeane Garofalo Sean Hannity and Alan Colmes. Thought the Order is final I know this is Opinion will fall on deaf ears and maybe seen as a waste of time but it only take one voice to make a difference and iClick2Media want to be that voice.
Regards,
Malik Shakur
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
cc:
Senator Jay Rockefeller
Senator Dan Inouye
Senator John Kerry
Senator Byron Dorgan
Senator Barbara Boxer
Senator Bill Nelson
Senator Maria Cantwell
Senator Frank R. Lauternberg
Senator Mark Pryor
Senator Claire McCaskill
Senator Amy Klobuchar
Senator Tom Udall
Senator Mark R. Warner
Senator Mark Begich
Senator Kay Bailey Huchison
Senator Olympia J Snowe
Senator John Ensign
Senator Jim DeMint
Senator John Thune
Senator Roger Wicker
Senator George S. LeMieux
Senator Johnny Isakson
Senator David Vitter
Senator Sam Brownback
Senator Mike Johanns
Footnotes:
In the matter of Applications for consent of control of Licenses XM Satellite Radio Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order FCC 10-184
Id
Id
515 U.S. 200 (1995)
488 U.S. 469 (1989)
FCC 08-178 ¶ 69
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 ¶ 104
See 47 U.S.C. §§ 309(a), (d); 310(d)
See SBC-AT&T Order, 20 FCC Red at 18300 ¶ 16; Verizon-MCI Order, 20 FCC Red at 18443 ¶ 16; Sprint-Nextel Order, 20 FCC at 13976-77 ¶ 20; News Corp-Hughes Order, 19 FCC Red at 483 ¶ 15; Comcast-AT&T Order, 17 FCC Red at 23225 ¶ 26; EchoStar-DIRECTV HDO, 17 FCC Red at 20574 ¶ 25. See Section VII. A., infra, for discussion of the applicable language in the Commission’s 1997 SDARS Services Rules Order, prohibiting the transfer of control of one SDARS licensee to the SDARS licensee. As discussed below, the Commission finds that the prohibition set forth o paragraph 170 of the 1997 SDARS Service Rules Order is a binding substantive rule, and that it is in the public interest to repeal the rule prohibiting the merger.
See SBC-AT&T Order, 20 FCC Red at 18300 ¶ 16; Verizon-MCI Order, 20 FCC Red at 18443 ¶ 16; Sprint-Nextel Order, 20 FCC at 13976-77 ¶ 20; News Corp-Hughes Order, 19 FCC Red at 483 ¶ 15; Comcast-AT&T Order, 17 FCC Red at 23225 ¶ 26; EchoStar-DIRECTV HDO, 17 FCC Red at 20574 ¶ 25
Clear Channel suggests that Applicants’ voluntary commitments are not enforceable. Letter for Lawrence R. Sidman, Paul Hastings, Counsel for Clear Channel, to Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary, FCC (June 20, 2008) at 2. We disagree. As we state here in, grant the Application in conditioned on the merged entity’s fulfillment of Applicants’ voluntary commitments and other conditioned. Therefore, the merged entity’s compliance with voluntary commitments is and enforceable condition.
FCC 08-178 pg 46 ¶104
FCC 08-178
A “Qualified Entity” includes any entity that is majority-owned by persons who are African-American, not Hispanic origin; Asian or Pacific Islanders; American Indians or Alaskan Natives; or Hispanics FCC 08-178 ¶ 134 AEI Studies in Telecommunications Regulation by Bernheim, B. Douglas and Robert D. Willig
Id
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 ¶ 134
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 10-184
Title 47 C.F.R. 73.2080 Equal Employment Opportunities Code of Federal Regulations
115 S.Ct 2097
Id.
Id.
City of Richmond v. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469
FCC 08-178 ¶ 134
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 pg 95
Statement of Chairman Kevin J. Martin Re: Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57 FCC 08-178 pg 95
FCC 08-178 pg 15 ¶28
Statement of Commissioner Jonathan S. Adelstein Re: Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no 07-57 FCC
FCC 08-178 pg 35-99
FCC 08-178
Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57 pg 104
Comments on Regulation of Access to Vertically-Integrated Natural Monopolies Ministry of Commerce The Treasury Wellington New Zealand September 1996
FCC 10-184 ¶ 3
FCC 10-184 pg 2
FCC 10-184 pg 2
Id
Id
FCC 08-178 pg 62-63
FCC 10-184
Id
Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. LA. No. 104-104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996)
S. Derek Turner Research Director of The Free Press
John Kerry.com Oct 26, 2007
MB Docket No. 07-57
FCC 08-178 pg 20
FCC 10-184
Off The Dial, Out of The Picture, THE INFINITE DIAL 2008: RADIO’S DIGITAL PLATFORMS, RADIO TODAY: HOW AMERICA LISTEND TO RADIO, A QUANTITATIVE HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP CONSOLIDATION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY, Women and Minorities in the Newsroom,
Id
FCC 10-184
Id
FCC 10-184
FCC 10-184
In this Order, we delegate authority to the Media Bureau staff to review Sirius XM’s selection of lessees.
See supra ¶ 10.
FCC 10-184
Pew Internet & American Life Project: Home Broadband Adoption 2009 by John Horrigan Associate Director, Research
Sirius –XM Merger Order, 23 FCC Red at 12415, ¶ 145; DBS PI Order, 13 FCC Red 23301-02. ¶ 105.
Sirius –XM Merger Order, 23 FCC Red at 12414, ¶ 143
FCC 08-178
FCC 10-184
White Paper On Fcc, Sirius Xm And Adarand: How iClick2media’s American Independent Radio Solves The Proble
President Lyndon Johnson Executive Order 11234 September 28, 1965 F.R. 12319
373 F.3d 372 (2004)
APPENDICES DIRECTORY
IAB STATS DECK Social Media May 2010
HOME BROADBAND ADOPTION 2009 Broadband adoption increase, but monthly prices do too. June 2009 Pew Internet & American Life Project
RADIO TODAY: HOW AMERICA LISTEND TO RADIO – Arbitron 2008 Edition
WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN THE NEWSROOM: Communicator July/August 2007
OFF THE DIAL: FEMALE AND MINORITY RADIO STSTION OWNERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES –How the FCC Policy and Media Consolidation Diminished Diversity on the Public Airwaves, Free Press, June 2007
THE INFINITE DIAL 2008: RADIO’S DIGITAL PLATFORMS – Online, Satellite, HD Radio® and Podcasting 2006 Arbitron Inc., and Arbitron Radio Listening Report
A QUANTITATIVE HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP CONSOLIDATION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY: Future of Music Coalition, December 2006
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: iClick2Media’s OPINION ON the MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER 07-57 Adopted: October 18, 2010 Released October 19, 2010
Dear Ms. Dortch:
I applaud your efforts in finding a solution that included all the active parties ideas, and concepts on the docket. Though you did not adopt any of AIR’s ideas and concepts per say the fact that you saw the importance of including parts of AIR’s objectives is clear our concept for the 24 channels is on the right path: Some of those points include:
Qualified Entity Definition
To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to define “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral.
Transparent Selection Process
Although we do not adopt AIR’s specific proposals, we require Sirius XM to file with the Commission within 30 days of release of this Order a notification that identifies a public website or similarly accessible source where the following information relating to the application process will be available to the public: (1) the definition of Qualified Entity as provided herein; (2) the deadline and procedures for submitting applications; (3) any specific information that it will require applicants to submit; and (4) any specific application criteria that Sirius XM intends to apply in its review of potential lessees…The specific application criteria must be open to all entities that meet the definition of a Qualified Entity and cannot place limits on who can apply.
Capacity Allocation
Second, the limitation is sufficiently generous that it will permit a lessee to acquire enough channels to accommodate business plans dependent on programming more than a single channel and allow a single lessee to provide a variety of high-quality, diverse programming that is not otherwise available to SDARS subscribers and may attract new subscribers and enhance the commercial viability of SDARS. Sirius XM may also elect to lease a single channel to more than one lessee, thereby increasing the number of distinct voices, as some commenters suggest.
Capacity Calculation
In response, commenters generally characterize the leased capacity in terms of “channels.
Implementation Details
DBS operators make NCE channels “available” by including the channels on every tier or programming package at no additional charge. Consistent with this approach, we require that the leased channels be part of every compatible package or tier 98 provided to Sirius XM subscribers, to the extent technically feasible, including Internet subscribers as AIR suggests, and that Sirius XM not assess an additional charge for the receipt of these channels.
Indemnification
AIR, Entravision, and Radio One assert that Sirius XM should be indemnified for its implementation of the Leasing Condition. We agree and conclude that Sirius XM should be permitted to require lessees to indemnify Sirius XM against liability arising from their conduct as lessees. We believe that private negotiation is the best means to implement the indemnification requirement in this context and therefore decline to adopt specific conditions or limits regarding the type of contractual indemnification agreement or the amount of coverage or the type of insurance policy that Sirius XM may require. Consistent with our approach in cable leased access, however, we will require that insurance and indemnification requirements be reasonable in relation to the equitable objective of limiting the liability of Sirius XM for conduct of lessees over which it will have little or no control.
Advertising
At least one commenter has indicated that the success of lessees may depend, at least in part, on advertising revenue. We find it reasonable for lessees to include advertising on their channels as a means of support for their programming. As a result, we conclude that it would be inappropriate for Sirius XM to prevent lessees from airing a reasonable amount of advertising on the leased channels.
Enforcement
We adopt enforcement procedures that we conclude are appropriate for SDARS and specifically for compliance with this condition. A few commenters suggest that the Commission include enforcement mechanisms for the implementation of the Leasing Condition. In particular, AIR proposes that alternative dispute resolution procedures be used to resolve conflicts that arise in the implementation of the Leasing Condition.
However, I am concern with the net that is now in place to grab a wider group of entities or persons wanting to be considered for the 12 commercial channels that are now suppose to be race-neutral. History has show that without clear distinctness of terms in place the underserved is seldom served. By back peddling the FCC continues to maintain the status quo when it comes to the underserved, minorities and women. Though I understand your side stepping your fiduciary duties because of potential legal concerns as assumed in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña , City of Richmond v. Croson Co., and other cases but the voluntary commitments proposed by (the then applicants) Sirius and XM are not effect by either of the court ruling unless I missed a memo that Sirius XM a publicly traded company became a branch of the federal, state and or any local government. At first thought I was going to write an opinion on each section of the order but I think iClick2Media’s focus will be the issues that it believes are quintessential. Be advised iClick2Media, AIR and or its parent company Independent Creative Artists reserve the right to re-visit any other concerns as it relates to this order or to the issue of the 24 channels made available via the voluntary commitments.
One of the key components that is stated in the Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order Section IV Potential Public Interest Harms Section C - Other Potential Public Harms states:
In this section we examine the impact of the merger on the Commission’s goals of diversity and localism. We find that Applicants’ voluntary commitments address concerns about the potential loss of diversity, we find that the merger is not likely to frustrate the Commission’s localism goal.
Further in the same documents Section VI: Balancing Public Interest Harms and Benefits Clause A. General Introduction and Summary states:
As previously noted, under the Communication Act, we must determine whether the “public interest, convenience and necessity will be served” by granting the Application . We now employ a balancing process, weighing the potential harm of the propose transaction that we have found against the potential public interest benefits . Applicants bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the proposed transaction, on balance, will serve the public interest . Absents Applicants’ voluntary commitments and other conditions, the harms outweigh the potential benefits; the presents of these voluntary commitments mitigates the harm and ensures that benefits are realized. The Application and the record before us make clear that, on balance, the public interest will be served by approval of the application subject to the voluntary commitments and other conditions that we will discuss below. Accordingly, we accept the Applicant’s voluntary offer of these commitments with the expectation that Applicants will adhere to each according to its specified terms and within the specified timeframes . These voluntary commitments are fully enforceable by the Commission .
In iClick2Media’s opinion the reasoning for accepting said responsibility were to hold Sirius XM’s feet to the fire; to avoid them from not adhering or selectively forgetting the voluntary commitments they made prior to merger being finalized. The FCC acceptance the voluntary commitments and claimed they are fully enforceable by the Commission to then redefining the term “Qualified Entities” and labeling it as a reasonable solution that only took two (2) years, two (2) months and nineteen (19) days after the approval of said merger smells rotten. But this is not the first time that the FCC has let the underserved, minorities and women down. In "The Scope of Competition in Telecommunications," states:
The overall goal of telecommunications policy is to maximize efficiency through competition. The logic of competition and antitrust law in the United States is to guard against restrictions and impediments to competition that are not likely to be naturally corrected by competitive forces. As an alternative to antitrust and competition law, economic regulation has been established in three exceptional case: (i) for those markets where it is clear that competition cannot be achieved by market forces; (ii) where deviation from efficiency is deemed socially desirable; and (iii) where the social and private benefits are clearly different.
In each of these cases, it is clear that a market without intervention will not result in the desired outcome. In the first case, this is true by the definition of the category. In the second case, markets may lead to efficiency, but society prefers a different outcome, and intervention is necessary to achieve the diversity goals (voluntary commitments . In the third case, maximization of social surplus does not coincide with maximization of the sum of profits and consumers’ surplus because of “externalities, which is why the voluntary commitments were added to ensure profits would not override the necessity of having the underserved, minorities and women’s voices on satellite radio.
In reading the Memorandum Opinion and Order your new concept of race-neutral feel more like the EEO Rule 47, C.F.R 73.2080 . The rule does not require that any person be hired or accorded a hiring preference based or racial or ethnic status. Rather, its requires that licensees make efforts to recruit minority and women applications so that they will be ensure access to the hiring process which is fundamentally different from a race-based preference program such as that at issues in Adarand . However the issues still remains Sirius XM is NOT a governmental agency, does not has the ability to implement any governmental agency race-based programs and cannot beheld to Adarand standards. Mere outreach and recruitment efforts…typically would not be subject to Adarand standards. Indeed, post-Croson cases indicate that such efforts are considered race neutral means of increasing minority opportunity. In some sense, of course, the targeting of minorities through outreach and recruitment campaigns involves race-conscious action. But the objective when the merger between Sirius and XM was approved the objective was not to expand the pool of applications or bidders but to include them so their voices would not absent on satellite radio. The definition of Qualified Entity was included to avoid the potential lockout of these Qualified Entity from this new (non-governmental) company. What a way to cool off the hot potato on everyone mind.
In a statement made by Chairman Kevin J. Martin regarding the “Voluntary Commitments” made by Sirius and XM states:
“I said at the time that the two companies announced their intent to merge that I thought they had a high hurdle to meet if they wanted to prove that the transaction would be in the public interest. It has taken some time, but I do believe that with the essential “Voluntary Commitments” they have made, the parties have met this burden…. I commend the parties for committing to offer more choice and flexibility in how they purchase channels…. I am pleased that the parties have committed to offering consumers, for the first time, with a specific percentage of diverse programming. The companies have agreed to dedicate eight percent of their channels – 24 channels in total—to minority and public access programming. This will create greater opportunities for more voices to be heard on satellite radio, covering the issues that are important to those communities that may have traditionally been ignored in the past .
Are those issues important to Sirius XM? I think not because if they were important there would have been no need to offer the voluntary commitments. It seems the offer was nothing more than appeasing the voices that were crying foul prior to the merger .
Further iClick2Media believes that the concern express in the Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Jonathan S. Adelstein now raises the red flags he spoke of. According to his dissent Commissioner Adelstine wrote:
Sirius and XM (collectively the “Applicants”) currently offer dynamic and competitive audio programming to consumers. Their marketplace competition with each other has undoubtedly contributed to their cutting edge appeal…The Applicants’ commitment to set aside four percent of full-time audio channels for noncommercial educational and informational programming as well as four percent for qualified entity programming is a small step in the right direction. There is no explanation, however, as to why these commitments are significant enough to offset the potential public interest harms by a merger to monopoly…and, it is left entirely unclear how the qualified entities will be selected, leaving the entire provision unintelligible and unpredictable. “We will determined the implementation details for use of these channels [for qualified entities] at a latter date, is a clear indication of the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry. Once again, rather than taking a decisive step forward to improve the plight of women and people of color in media, the Commission has taken a step to the side”.
If the “high hurdle” was met by the Voluntary Commitments mentioned by Chairman Kevin J. Martin and the belief by Commissioner Adelstein that “a clear indication of the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry” was true on July 25, 2008 how can the FCC now decide these points are trivial and place such faith in Sirius XM that they will do the right thing in 2010? Had not Sirius and XM developed the Voluntary Commitments would the merger between the two companies happened? From the language maybe not but to walk a way from one of the key components within the Voluntary Commitments bring to fruition the fears mentioned in the Merger Order
How about the statement made by Commissioner Deborah Taylor-Tate where she states:
The forfeitures imposed against these companies, in combination with strict compliance plan they will submit to, convince me that it is now reasonable to consider and approve the merger application. With the sluggish economic outlook and the Down Jones Industrial Average closing down almost 100 points in mid-July, compounding this environment with a negative regulatory decision could greatly harm both companies and, more importantly, their subscribers. While the FCC is only a tiny piece of the economic puzzle, I believe it is our responsibility to contribute to a vibrant healthy marketplace within those sectors under our purview.
In this statement the Commissioner realized that Sirius XM bottom line is important to survive as she states “a negative regulatory decision could greatly harm both companies and, more importantly, their subscribers” shows the FCC had a concern regarding the economic viability of the two company and saw if Sirius and XM were to survive in the “sluggish economic” they had to merge. If merging of the two was to remove the anxiety of the then economy its not that big of a step to show Sirius XM will do what is best for their shareholders and company bottom line as a oppose to doing what best for the underserved, minorities and women.
She goes on and states:
The Applicants have the burden of providing the propose transaction on balance, serves the public interest by a preponderance of the evidence. While my reaming concerns are many, I find that the Applicants have shown that this merger, with the voluntary conditions and concessions, and the previously agreed upon consent decree for their violations on balance will serve the public interest…The parties before the Commission today have knowingly violated a number of Commission rules and guidelines. For this reason, I felt it was necessary to resolve the issue through enforcement action first, and then proceed to consider the merger application. XM has agreed to pay $17,394,375 and Sirius has agreed to pay $2,200,000 million for violating modulator and terrestrial repeater rules. In addition both companies have entered into consent decrees that mandate strict compliance with certifications, reporting requirements, and penalties associated with future violations. Specifically, they have agreed to hire compliance officers whose primary responsibility will be to ensure compliance with the FCC.
It can be inferred that the Commissioner had concern regarding the past violation and saw if the two companies were merged would do the same thing if the fines had not been placed on them and the compliance officers put in place. This show the apprehension she felt about the potential of taking advantage of the system and the consumers. What about the last paragraph of Commissioner Taylor-Tate statement where she states:
Four percent of all channels on both systems must be set aside for non-commercial educational programming, and four percent must be set aside for use by “qualified entities” such as minority broadcasters. Only one programming channel per programmer will count towards the set-aside. This will promote a greater diversity of voices, and grant complete editorial control to other programmers and owners…The FCC will determine the appropriate process for selecting programmers to occupy set-aside channels. The Applicants (Sirius & XM) will not be part of this process.
So here’s another question for the FCC why did the FCC impose fines and demand compliance officers be put in place before the merger was complete and state Sirius XM would not be a part of the process? Here’s why, somewhere in the back of the collective brain of the FCC they saw the possibility that Sirius XM if left alone would not do the right thing. If that was the logical thinking then and all the concerns express during the process of the two companies merging prior to the Voluntary Commitments being presented to the FCC which assured all parties (FCC, Senate, Third parties and the Consumers) concerns were met, how can you now believe Sirius XM will hold true to the intent of what the 24 channels were set aside for? We all knew as long as big brother was choosing there could be a sense of fairness, iClick2Media doesn’t see that so much now. What iClick2Media does see is in two years two months and nineteen days the doors of diversity that had been open in this medium has now be slammed closed and there are no other opportunities for the underserved, minorities and women to go to since Sirius XM is now the only game in town.
Finally in Commissioner Taylor-Tate in her conclusion states:
In conclusion, I voted to approve this merger in light of many public interest benefits…The FCC will oversee the compliance of these two companies, and I personally intend to follow up with the merged entity and the FCC’s enforcement Bureau to ensure they are fulfilling the terms of the enforcement and merger agreement…The Commission will also ensure that the spectrum is used in a way that servers the public interest by enhancing diversity and giving voice to minority and noncommercial broadcasters.
Can the FCC really believe by changing the definition of the Qualified Entity and or Entities will serve that the public interests, the underserved, minorities and women by sidestepping their responsibility? At what price? Does not the FCC have the inalienable right to maintain an equal playing field? Statically there is data that proves a huge disparages that the current state of the underserved, minorities and women with access and or ownership is dismal at best. Comments on Regulation of Access to Vertically-Integrated Natural Monopolies show the main idea behind regulations was necessary because the market for telecommunication services was a natural monopoly, and therefore a second competitor would not survive. Regulations were imposed to protect consumers from monopolistic abuses. When the FCC allow this Merger to occur it only allow it to happen with the Voluntary Commitments in place and within those commitments it was stressed that Sirius XM would not have a voice in deciding what Qualified Entity or Entities would be granted the channels. Why was that? To ensure Sirius XM would not be tempted to ignore the conditions it had agreed on (voluntary commitments) the very thing that moved the obstacle of concerns out of the way and pushed the approval of the merger through.
Paragraph 3 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
We require Sirius XM reasonably to exercise its good-faith judgment to select as lessees those Qualified Entities that it believes will advance our diversity goals. We expect that Sirius XM will use this selection process to create opportunities for a variety of programmers, including new entrants.
The words “reasonably to exercise”, “its good-faith judgment”, “expect”, and “its believes: are a cause for alarm. There is nothing within the order that narrowly defines what “reasonably to exercise”, “good faith judgment” nor what “it believes will advance our diversity goals” are. Without defining what theses terms in the Order means you allow the subjective thought to be the guideline for what entities can get these channels because the judgment of the channels will be based on Sirius XM’s bottom line not what best for the underserved, minorities and women.
Paragraph 5 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
Several commenters in the merger proceeding voiced concerns that the merger of the sole two providers of satellite digital audio radio service would harm viewpoint and program diversity. The Commission found that the Applicants’ voluntary commitment to provide long-term leases addressed the diversity concerns, raised by commenters and was consistent with the Commission’s goals of fostering competition and diversity.
Yes the concerns regarding programming diversity had been addressed by the voluntary commitments however those concerns were eased when the FCC was to be the deciding voice not Sirius XM. By shifting (which is different from the order containing the Voluntary Commitment) deciding power of what Qualified Entity or Entities will get these channels from the FCC to Sirius XM regardless of the requirement in the order continue the perpetual history that Commissioner Adelstein spoke of in his dissent that side step giving the appearance of an open door but continue the Commission’s historic pattern of neglecting minority access to communication industry.
HOW BOUT THIS, way back when in 1996 when then President Clinton signed the Telecommunications Act of 1996 into law was the first major reform since the original 1934 Telecommunications Act. The restructuring of the US telecommunications sector crystallized changes that had become necessary because of technological progress. Rapid technological change has always been the original cause of regulatory change. The radical transformation of the regulatory environment and market conditions that was presently taking place as a result of the 1996 Act is no exception. The Telecommunication Act of 1996 was aimed to "preserve and advance universal service”, this meant:
(1) High quality at low rates.
(2) Access to advanced services in all States.
(3) Access in rural and high cost areas at comparable prices to other areas.
(4) Supported by "equitable and nondiscriminatory contributions" by "all providers of telecommunications services."
(5) Specific and predictable mechanisms to raise the required funds.
(6) Access to advanced telecommunications services for schools, health care, and libraries.
Though the purpose of the Act had good intentions (window dressing) the effect has created a bigger gap causing a De facto censorship. In a study done entitled Off The Dial: Female and Minority Radio Station Ownership in the United States shows that media consolidation is one of the key factors keeping female and minority station ownership at low levels. As consolidation cuts back the already limited number of stations available, women and people of color have fewer chances to become media owners and promote diverse programming.
Here’s another something else that show the role or lack there of. In an article Minority progress in media and why it’s important written by Rick Albertson for Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts explains:
“The FCC is the agency charged with governing the media. The FCC has an obligation to promote the public interest, including diversity in media ownership. Unfortunately, the FCC has failed to adequately assess the state of minority-owned media, or develop constructive ways to encourage underrepresented entities to become larger players in the media landscape…Now we understand the FCC may soon consider changes in the media ownership rules that only help big media get bigger, but do nothing to make media more responsive to minority viewpoints and local communities…The FCC tried this once before, in 2003. At that time, the nation’s top broadcasters met behind closed doors with FCC officials more than 70 times. But the public was not invited. After the proposed rules were announced, a major public backlash ensued… Providing opportunities for minority-owned businesses to own media outlets is fundamental to creating the diverse media environment that federal law requires and the country deserves and demands… any changes to the media ownership rules must encourage new entrants into the market and prioritize the entry of small, women-owned and minority-owned businesses.
In 2006 Senator Kerry urged then FCC Chairman Kevin Martin to address the issue of diversity in media ownership. In 2007-08 several other leaders in Congress — including Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey, Rep. Hilda L. Solis of California and Rep. John Conyers Jr. of Michigan have also pressed the FCC to stop allowing greater corporate consolidation and start promoting media diversity due to the ever shrinking voice of the underserved minority markets. Just when it looked like the FCC was doing the right thing to ensure the voices of the underserved, minorities and women be heard on satellite they pull the rug from under those of us whom have been the most active on the docket and continue the perpetuation of what can be deemed segregation on the airwaves.
The FCC abdication of its responsibility to monitor and foster increased the underserved minority, and women’s voices on the dial, satellite and broadcast ownership has once again fallen to the waist side. By giving these channels back to Sirius XM and trusting they will due the right thing is like allowing a fox to sleep in the chicken coop. Sirius XM will due what’s best for Sirius XM’s bottom line not what best for the underserved, minorities and women. So here’s another question for the FCC if you now trust Sirius XM will do the right thing why did you take on the responsibility of deciding what Qualified Entity or Entities would be granted the 24 Channels 2008? According to the results of the FCC competitive analysis under “worst-case” assumptions :
“We conclude that the merger, absent Applicants’ “voluntary commitments” and other conditions, would result in potential harms. However. Applicants have committed voluntary to take steps that will mitigate these harms”.
At what point in the two years, two months and nineteen days did the potential harm stop becoming a potential harm? It has not. The facts are still the same; minorities, women and the underserved voices are ever-shrinking and now may not ever be heard on Satellite. The FCC continues to stick its head in the sand pretending that some Jennie on a magic carpet will ride into Washington D.C., and grant the FCC a wish and cause real diversity to be come a reality. But we all know that not going to happen and that why the decision on what Qualified Entity or Entities’ would be awarded the 24 channels was in the hands of the FCC not Sirius XM.
Paragraph 10 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
However, questions have been raised regarding the constitutionality of the definition of “Qualified Entity” as adopted in the Sirius-XM Merger Order. To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to define “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral. In particular, we define Qualified Entity to require only that a lessee: (1) not be directly or indirectly owned, in whole or in part, by Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM; (2) not share any common officers, directors, or employees with Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM; and (3) not have any existing relationships with Sirius XM for the supply of programming during the two years prior to the adoption date of this Order
So race-neutral now means everybody. Well I guess this is a case of the baby being thrown out with the bath water. What is so puzzling is the FCC doesn’t see a problem with this solution even with the statics from outside sources , the FCC own history of diversity or lack thereof, legal proceeding that have happen since the passing of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 that clearly shows the underserved, minorities and women’s are absence and diversity continues to reach the point of non repair.
Paragraph 11 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
We expect that this revised Qualified Entity definition will encourage new entry because programmers already carried on the Sirius XM platform are excluded. In addition, we believe that additional guidance will help focus Sirius XM’s selection of lessees in a manner that will promote source, viewpoint, and programming diversity. We therefore provide below selection criteria and processes that, coupled with the modified definition of “Qualified Entity,” are intended to advance these objectives.
So you remove Radio One, Entravision or any other party that has any association with Sirius XM ability to gain access to these 12 channels but you open all the windows and doors and allow any one that fits the race-neutral definition to apply. Once again the FCC continues the status quo, its systematic behavior of ignoring its responsibility and allow the continue pushing of the underserved, minorities and women Off The Dial, Out of The Picture and soon off of satellite and out of the digital space.
Paragraph 12 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order :
The Public Notice sought comment on the process for selecting lessees if channel demand were to exceed supply. Based on the record developed in response to the Public Notice, we conclude that allowing Sirius XM to select the lessees, subject to the limitations and criteria described herein, would best serve the public interest because it is an efficient way to select qualified lessees, ensures that the lessees selected will be technically compatible with the Sirius XM service, and will promote an increase in source, viewpoint, and programming diversity on the SDARS platform as soon as possible. We find that alternative selection proposals proposed in response to the Public Notice could cause unnecessary delay and uncertainty in implementing the voluntary commitment, which could thwart the Commission’s goals of fostering diversity on the SDARS platform.
By not being the decider, the FCC continues to ignore its duties and insure the underserved, minorities and women will not have a voice under the Sirius XM brand. By pass the responsible back to Sirius XM continue to thwart the FCC goals for foresting diversity because without your influence into the decision you allow the forces like stock prices, investors, and what is best for Sirius XM bottom line to be the voice for choosing, not what’s best for the underserved, minorities and women. Though paragraph 23 of the Order states:
In order to ensure that any lessee selected by Sirius XM satisfies the criteria set forth in the definition of a Qualified Entity above, we require Sirius XM to notify the Media Bureau of its selections prior to signing an agreement for the leased channel or channels. This process will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review each proposed lessee for compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity before Sirius XM engages in the negotiations for a long-term lease or agreement, and it does not impose a significant burden or delay in the implementation of the Leasing Condition. Sirius XM must provide the name of each lessee it has selected and certify that, to the best of its information and belief, the entity meets the definition of a Qualified Entity as provided herein. The Media Bureau will have 45 days to respond to the selection of proposed lessees submitted by Sirius XM for our review. If the Bureau does not respond within 45 days, Sirius XM’s proposed lessee will be deemed to be in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity in accordance with this Order. Thereafter, Sirius XM may sign an agreement for the leased channel or channels. We do not intend to second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one lessee over another applicant where we agree that the selected lessee meets the definition of a Qualified Entity and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection process and capacity allocation requirements set forth in this Order.
However, nothing in this paragraph from the Order claims, states or give the FCC final say over the choices Sirius XM has made. What’s even worst is if the FCC does nothing within 45 days it is deemed the choice Sirius XM has made is in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity. What kind of craziness is that. So there subjective meaning to these words you choose (reasonably to exercise”, “its good-faith judgment”, “expect”, and “its believes) in choosing a Qualified Entity or Entities out weights the responsibility of the FCC? If that is true then the underserved, minorities and women have bigger problem than trying to acquire these channels because if this is the road the FCC is taking us down their wont be any advancement of any diversity goals.
Paragraph 13 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
Sirius XM Involvement: Although the Sirius-XM Merger Order indicated that Sirius XM would not be involved in the selection of the Qualified Entities, we believe this decision could hinder the implementation of this Leasing Condition for the reasons explained below. We sought comment on this issue in the Public Notice. The record compiled in response to the Public Notice strongly supports allowing Sirius XM to participate in the process of selecting lessees.
Though AIR in its comment expressed Sirius XM should be a part of the decision it has never suggest it be the sole decider. AIR understands the important of keeping its format consistence with its current format Sirius XM uses and must be able to adhere to those constrains. However AIR believes the greatest benefit in assuring the underserved is reached is with the use of digital transmission along with satellite. Sirius XM agrees with this concept because since the two companies merged, Sirius XM is now offering it services via mobile devices (i.e. iPhone and Blackberry with Sirius XM Apps). Which by the most current statistical data prove the digital divide is closing.
Paragraph 15 of the Memorandum Opinion and Order:
Our decision to allow Sirius XM to select among Qualified Entities is consistent with decisions regarding the selection of programmers for the Direct Broadcast Satellite (“DBS”) noncommercial educational or informational programming (“NCE”) set-aside and the NCE set-aside condition adopted in this proceeding . In the DBS context, the Commission permits the DBS operator to select the programmers who use the NCE set-aside. The Commission utilized the same approach in implementing the SDARS NCE set-aside condition in this proceeding. We have received no complaints regarding Sirius XM’s selection of programmers for the NCE set-aside and trust that Sirius XM will exercise good faith in selecting the lessees consistent with our guidance herein.
This is nothing more than red herring. Though there has been no complaints regarding Sirius XM’s selection of programmers for NCE does not exclude that fact there wont be favoritism or the selection of Qualified Entities based on how the Qualified Entities will help increase Sirius XM bottom line which is not what the intention of the 24 channels were when it was added to the then potential merge order . In fact the FCC might as well told Sirius XM we too care about your bottom line so we will allow you to do whatever you want as long as you stay between the lines (Oh the lines are as far apart as Los Angeles and Washington D.C., See Paragraph 18 of the Order ) that was not the intent when the decision was made to accept the application and approve the merger between the two. There is more at stake with the 12 commercial channels then there is with the 12 non-commercials channels. The 12 non-commercial channels are not moneymakers; they carry no weight and for many have very little value outside of educational use. However iClick2Media see’s the value in creating a block of 24 channels and achieving its goal of race-neutral programming that has been presented to the FCC throughout this process and again in August of this 2010 . It’s silly to think just because someone has not done something doesn’t mean if give the opportunity they wont do it and it’s clear from the merge order there were many concerns about this.
The Wrap-Up
The concept of race-neutral, gender-neutral when applied, assurance against actual discrimination. This is the type of Affirmative Action contemplated by President Lyndon Johnson’s Executive Order 11246 , in which he sought to ensure that individuals have equal opportunity without regard to their race, sex, or ethnicity. In this 1965 Executive Order, President Johnson consistently and repeatedly used the term Non-discrimination and never once mentioned racial quotas or preferences. The original, un-amended version of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similarly emphasize:
Race-neutrality and non-discrimination, racial-preferences and gender-preferences for the correct races and genders. Under this definition, Affirmative Action is comprised of programs and policies that grant favorable treatment on the basis of race or gender to government-defined “”disadvantage” individual. Under the definition, racial or gender preference must be granted even when the favored/aggrieved minority or gender has no actual evidence or proof that a company, boss, individual, or government agency has discriminated against them due to their race or gender.
The line between racial preference and race-neutral is finding the less restrictive mean of achieving equality. It does not mean walking away form your responsibility a responsibility the FCC obligated itself to oversee and has a duty to ensure fairness over such communication. By doing this you prove what the Third Circuit chastised the FCC for in Prometheus v. FCC ignoring the issues of the underserved, minority and women ownership.
It was important for iClick2Media to offer its opinion on this. Sometime you have to take a stand and when you draw you line in the sand you have to be prepared for what comes with taking that stand. iClick2Media might not be consider for these channels after its post this opinion but it does not make it right to the underserved, minorities and women to be treated like Oliver asking for a second helping either. Our voices need to be heard and our opinions count. Less we forget we too are part of the American fabric and with each strand of the fabric our stories, experiences, opinions, are just as important as Rush Limbaugh, Howard Stern, Sarah Palin, Al Franken Janeane Garofalo Sean Hannity and Alan Colmes. Thought the Order is final I know this is Opinion will fall on deaf ears and maybe seen as a waste of time but it only take one voice to make a difference and iClick2Media want to be that voice.
Regards,
Malik Shakur
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
cc:
Senator Jay Rockefeller
Senator Dan Inouye
Senator John Kerry
Senator Byron Dorgan
Senator Barbara Boxer
Senator Bill Nelson
Senator Maria Cantwell
Senator Frank R. Lauternberg
Senator Mark Pryor
Senator Claire McCaskill
Senator Amy Klobuchar
Senator Tom Udall
Senator Mark R. Warner
Senator Mark Begich
Senator Kay Bailey Huchison
Senator Olympia J Snowe
Senator John Ensign
Senator Jim DeMint
Senator John Thune
Senator Roger Wicker
Senator George S. LeMieux
Senator Johnny Isakson
Senator David Vitter
Senator Sam Brownback
Senator Mike Johanns
Footnotes:
In the matter of Applications for consent of control of Licenses XM Satellite Radio Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order FCC 10-184
Id
Id
515 U.S. 200 (1995)
488 U.S. 469 (1989)
FCC 08-178 ¶ 69
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 ¶ 104
See 47 U.S.C. §§ 309(a), (d); 310(d)
See SBC-AT&T Order, 20 FCC Red at 18300 ¶ 16; Verizon-MCI Order, 20 FCC Red at 18443 ¶ 16; Sprint-Nextel Order, 20 FCC at 13976-77 ¶ 20; News Corp-Hughes Order, 19 FCC Red at 483 ¶ 15; Comcast-AT&T Order, 17 FCC Red at 23225 ¶ 26; EchoStar-DIRECTV HDO, 17 FCC Red at 20574 ¶ 25. See Section VII. A., infra, for discussion of the applicable language in the Commission’s 1997 SDARS Services Rules Order, prohibiting the transfer of control of one SDARS licensee to the SDARS licensee. As discussed below, the Commission finds that the prohibition set forth o paragraph 170 of the 1997 SDARS Service Rules Order is a binding substantive rule, and that it is in the public interest to repeal the rule prohibiting the merger.
See SBC-AT&T Order, 20 FCC Red at 18300 ¶ 16; Verizon-MCI Order, 20 FCC Red at 18443 ¶ 16; Sprint-Nextel Order, 20 FCC at 13976-77 ¶ 20; News Corp-Hughes Order, 19 FCC Red at 483 ¶ 15; Comcast-AT&T Order, 17 FCC Red at 23225 ¶ 26; EchoStar-DIRECTV HDO, 17 FCC Red at 20574 ¶ 25
Clear Channel suggests that Applicants’ voluntary commitments are not enforceable. Letter for Lawrence R. Sidman, Paul Hastings, Counsel for Clear Channel, to Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary, FCC (June 20, 2008) at 2. We disagree. As we state here in, grant the Application in conditioned on the merged entity’s fulfillment of Applicants’ voluntary commitments and other conditioned. Therefore, the merged entity’s compliance with voluntary commitments is and enforceable condition.
FCC 08-178 pg 46 ¶104
FCC 08-178
A “Qualified Entity” includes any entity that is majority-owned by persons who are African-American, not Hispanic origin; Asian or Pacific Islanders; American Indians or Alaskan Natives; or Hispanics FCC 08-178 ¶ 134 AEI Studies in Telecommunications Regulation by Bernheim, B. Douglas and Robert D. Willig
Id
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 ¶ 134
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 10-184
Title 47 C.F.R. 73.2080 Equal Employment Opportunities Code of Federal Regulations
115 S.Ct 2097
Id.
Id.
City of Richmond v. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469
FCC 08-178 ¶ 134
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no. 07-57 FCC 08-178 pg 95
Statement of Chairman Kevin J. Martin Re: Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57 FCC 08-178 pg 95
FCC 08-178 pg 15 ¶28
Statement of Commissioner Jonathan S. Adelstein Re: Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57
In the matter of Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of the Licenses XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor To Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee Memorandum Opinion and Order and Report and Order MB Docket no 07-57 FCC
FCC 08-178 pg 35-99
FCC 08-178
Application for Consent to the Transfer of Control of Licenses, XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc., Transferor, to Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., Transferee, MB Docket No. 07-57 pg 104
Comments on Regulation of Access to Vertically-Integrated Natural Monopolies Ministry of Commerce The Treasury Wellington New Zealand September 1996
FCC 10-184 ¶ 3
FCC 10-184 pg 2
FCC 10-184 pg 2
Id
Id
FCC 08-178 pg 62-63
FCC 10-184
Id
Telecommunications Act of 1996, Pub. LA. No. 104-104, 110 Stat. 56 (1996)
S. Derek Turner Research Director of The Free Press
John Kerry.com Oct 26, 2007
MB Docket No. 07-57
FCC 08-178 pg 20
FCC 10-184
Off The Dial, Out of The Picture, THE INFINITE DIAL 2008: RADIO’S DIGITAL PLATFORMS, RADIO TODAY: HOW AMERICA LISTEND TO RADIO, A QUANTITATIVE HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP CONSOLIDATION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY, Women and Minorities in the Newsroom,
Id
FCC 10-184
Id
FCC 10-184
FCC 10-184
In this Order, we delegate authority to the Media Bureau staff to review Sirius XM’s selection of lessees.
See supra ¶ 10.
FCC 10-184
Pew Internet & American Life Project: Home Broadband Adoption 2009 by John Horrigan Associate Director, Research
Sirius –XM Merger Order, 23 FCC Red at 12415, ¶ 145; DBS PI Order, 13 FCC Red 23301-02. ¶ 105.
Sirius –XM Merger Order, 23 FCC Red at 12414, ¶ 143
FCC 08-178
FCC 10-184
White Paper On Fcc, Sirius Xm And Adarand: How iClick2media’s American Independent Radio Solves The Proble
President Lyndon Johnson Executive Order 11234 September 28, 1965 F.R. 12319
373 F.3d 372 (2004)
APPENDICES DIRECTORY
IAB STATS DECK Social Media May 2010
HOME BROADBAND ADOPTION 2009 Broadband adoption increase, but monthly prices do too. June 2009 Pew Internet & American Life Project
RADIO TODAY: HOW AMERICA LISTEND TO RADIO – Arbitron 2008 Edition
WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN THE NEWSROOM: Communicator July/August 2007
OFF THE DIAL: FEMALE AND MINORITY RADIO STSTION OWNERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES –How the FCC Policy and Media Consolidation Diminished Diversity on the Public Airwaves, Free Press, June 2007
THE INFINITE DIAL 2008: RADIO’S DIGITAL PLATFORMS – Online, Satellite, HD Radio® and Podcasting 2006 Arbitron Inc., and Arbitron Radio Listening Report
A QUANTITATIVE HISTORY OF OWNERSHIP CONSOLIDATION IN THE RADIO INDUSTRY: Future of Music Coalition, December 2006
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
What The New Order Means
So The FCC published an order yesterday regarding my company wanting to acquire the 24 channels from Sirius XM. Here’s what is now required:
1. Twelve (12) of the channels are sent back to Sirius XM to decide who can get them now
2. Any one applying for the channels will be limited to four (4) two (2) on Sirius and two (2) XM
3. Sirius XM must enter in to leasing agreements by April 17, 2011
4. The Qualified Entity cannot be associated with Sirius XM in anyway
5. Sirius XM will make the selection
6. Sirius must:
Act in good faith when choosing Qualified Entity
Who would offer new source of programming, diverse entertainment content, provide original content or programming of a type not otherwise available to Sirius XM subscribers,
Would improve service to historically underserved audiences, and
Be able to meet its obligations and be able to deliver their proposed mix or type of programming for the duration of the lease term
7. The process of selection must be transparent
8. Cannot change of limit the channels that were allocated
9. No editorial control
10. Lease terms shall be 5 years
11.No subleasing and or assignment
12. Qualified Entity will indemnify Sirius XM for its content produced
13. The Qualified Entity will have the ability to get Advertising dollars
14. The creation of a mechanism for aggrieved Entities
So I have to kind of start over but unlike many that will apply I have already done the work. of the 14 points iClick2Media filed documents that outlined these same points for it American Independent Radio Project. iClick2Media will chase after the four (4) channels it is now able to get and continue to fight for the 12 channels that the FCC held.
So the fight continues.
1. Twelve (12) of the channels are sent back to Sirius XM to decide who can get them now
2. Any one applying for the channels will be limited to four (4) two (2) on Sirius and two (2) XM
3. Sirius XM must enter in to leasing agreements by April 17, 2011
4. The Qualified Entity cannot be associated with Sirius XM in anyway
5. Sirius XM will make the selection
6. Sirius must:
Act in good faith when choosing Qualified Entity
Who would offer new source of programming, diverse entertainment content, provide original content or programming of a type not otherwise available to Sirius XM subscribers,
Would improve service to historically underserved audiences, and
Be able to meet its obligations and be able to deliver their proposed mix or type of programming for the duration of the lease term
7. The process of selection must be transparent
8. Cannot change of limit the channels that were allocated
9. No editorial control
10. Lease terms shall be 5 years
11.No subleasing and or assignment
12. Qualified Entity will indemnify Sirius XM for its content produced
13. The Qualified Entity will have the ability to get Advertising dollars
14. The creation of a mechanism for aggrieved Entities
So I have to kind of start over but unlike many that will apply I have already done the work. of the 14 points iClick2Media filed documents that outlined these same points for it American Independent Radio Project. iClick2Media will chase after the four (4) channels it is now able to get and continue to fight for the 12 channels that the FCC held.
So the fight continues.
The Update on the 24 Channels offered by Sirius XM
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
SUMMARY OF MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Adopted: October 18, 2010 Released October 19, 2010
By the Commission: Chairman Genachowski and Commissioners Copps and Clyburn issuing separate statements
The following is a summary of the Memorandum Opinion and Order released yesterday by the FCC regarding the 12 commercial channels made available when Sirius and XM Satellite Radio Merged in July of 2008.
Yesterday the FCC released a MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER (Order) regarding the Sirius XM Channels. The Commission adopts the implementations details for the voluntary commitment made by Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., (Sirius) and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc, (XM) to lease a portion of the transfer of control licenses and authorizations held by Sirius and XM. This action represents an important step that will promote access for new entrants and more diverse programming in the satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS).
First we conclude that based on the record in this proceeding, we will defined the term “Qualified Entities” to ensure that lessees are independent from Sirius XM and to make the criteria fro selection of lessees race-neutral. This changes avoids constitutional challenges and litigation that could delay and detract from progress in satellite radio.
We also decided to involve Sirius XM in the lessee selection process, with the for making timely selections of entities that are both qualified for the set-aside, with responsibility for making timely selections of entities that are both qualified for set-aside and technically compatible with the SDARS platform, but without editorial control over lessees’ programming. We conclude the public interest and consistent with other third-party leasing precedents for Sirius XM to select the lessees and reverse our previous decision to the contrary. We require Sirius XM reasonably to exercise its good-faith judgment to select as lessees those Qualified Entities that it believes will advance our diversity goals. We expect that Sirius XM will use this selection process to create opportunities for a variety of programmers, including new entrants.
We require Sirius XM to enter into leasing agreements with its selected Qualified Entities on the implementation deadline of April 17, 2011. We also require Sirius XM to file a report with the Commission within 30th days after the implementation deadline to identify the lessee with whom it has entered into leasing agreements, and to inform the Commission when it plans to air new programming pursuant to its new leases. Additionally, we permit aggrieved parties to file complaints with the Commission consistent with the parameters set forth below.
A. Qualified Entity Definition
To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to defined “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral. In particular, we define Qualified Entity to require only that a lessee:
1. Not be directly or indirectly own in whole or in part, by Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM
2. Not share any common officers, director, or employees with Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM, and
3. Not have any existing relationships with Sirius XM for the supply of programming during the two year prior to the adoption date of this Order
In additional we believe that additional guidance will help focus Sirius XM’s selection of lessees in a manner that will promote source viewpoint, and programming diversity.
A. Selection Processes and Criteria
We conclude that allowing Sirius XM to select the lessees, subject to the limitation and criteria described herein, would best serve the public interest because it is an efficient watt i select qualified lessees, ensure that the lessees selected will be technically compatible with the Sirius XM service and will promote an increase in source, viewpoint, and programming diversity on the SDARS platform as soon as possible. We find that alternative selection proposals proposed in response to the Public Notice could cause unnecessary delay and uncertainty in implementing the voluntary commitment, which could thwart the Commission’s goals of fostering diversity on the SDADS platform
Sirius XM Involvement
Although the Sirius-XM Merger Order indicated that Sirius XM would not be involved in the selection of the Qualified Entities, we believe this decision could hinder the implementation of this Leasing Condition for the reason explained below…Sirius XM has expressed its willingness to participate in making the selections.
We conclude that Sirius XM’s involvement will facilitate the resolution of technical compatibility issues that might arise during the selection process, expedite the introduction of programming that adds to the diversity of offerings to consumers and be more efficient than delegating such decision-making to a third party as some have suggested. We expect Sirius XM to act in good faith to follow the guideline we provide to ensure that the selection of lesees promotes diversity and set forth requirements below to ensure that the selection process fair and transparent. If in the future, it appears that Sirius XM seeks to use the selections and renewal process as a means to improperly influence the programming provided in the reserved channels we may revisit our decision to permit Sirius XM to select lessees and take appropriate action.
Our decision to allow Sirius XM to select among Qualified Entities is consistent with decisions regarding the selection of programmers for the Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) noncommercial educational or informational programming (“NCE”) set-side and the NCE set-side condition adopted in this proceeding.
Alternative Selection Proposals.
We instruct Sirius XM to elevate the pool of Qualified Entities and select as lessee those Qualified Entities that it believes, in good faith, will promote source, viewpoint, and programming diversity…As a result we recognize that Sirius XM will have to balance various consideration including, among other things, weather lessees:
1. Would provide a new source of programming and are new entrants in the mass media industry
2. Would offer a diverse viewpoint or diverse entertainment content
3. Would provide original content r programming of a type not otherwise available to Sirius XM subscribers,
4. Would improve service to historically underserved audiences, and
5. Would, in Sirius XM reasonable judgment, be able to meet its obligations and be able to deliver their proposed mix or type of programming for the duration of the lease term
We believe that these selection criteria, including the requirement that Sirius XM consider whether potential lessees would provide new and diverse programming, would be new entrants, or would be serve historically underserved audiences, promote our object that the leased channels be made available to programming sources that otherwise would not have an opportunity to provide programming to SDAR subscribers, including small entities and groups that are not traditional broadcasters.
Transparent Selection Process.
Although we do not adopt AIR’s specific proposals, we require Sirius XM to file with the Commission within 30 days of release of this Order a notification that identifies an public Website or similarly accessible source where the following information relating to the application process will be available to the public:
1. The definition of Qualified Entity as provided herein
2. The deadline and procedures for submitting applications
3. Any specific information that it will required applications to submit and
4. Any specific application criteria that Sirius XM intends to apply in its review of potential lessees.
We require Sirius XM to make the described information available at the identified location within 35 days of the release of the Order. Sirius CM may implement the application and selection process in any manner it chooses as long as it follows the requirements set forth in the Order…criteria must be open to all entities that meet the definition of a Qualified Entity and cannot place limits on who can apply. Constance with the Commission’s goal of fostering diversity on the SDARS platform through this condition however Sirius XM may identify programming genres not currently offered to subscribers as additional guidance to potential lessees.
As we did in implementing the SDARS NCE set-side condition, we also require Sirius XM to maintain an electronic public file that includes information with respect the process it uses to select the lessees. The public fill will promote transparency in the selection process and enable the public and the Commission to monitor Sirius XM’s implementation of this Leasing Condition…Specifically Sirius XM shall keep and make available for public inspections at the identified location, a complete record of the following:
1. Quarterly measurement of channel capacity and yearly calculations on which it bases its four percent reservation as well as its response to any capacity changes
2. A record of entities to whom leased capacity is being provided, the amount capacity being provided to each entity, and the terms under which it is being provided and
3. A record of entities that have requested capacity, disposition of those requests, and reasons for the disposition. All records kept in this file shall be retained for a period of two years
In order to ensure that any lessee selected by Sirius XM satisfies the criteria set forth in the definition of a Qualified Entity above, we require Sirius XM to notify the Media Bureau of its selections prior to signing an agreement for the leased channel or channels. This process will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review each proposed lessee for compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity before Sirius XM engages in the negotiations for a long-term lease or agreement, and it does not impose a significant burden or delay in the implementation of the Leasing Condition…The Media Bureau will have 45 days to respond to the selection of proposed lessees submitted by Sirius XM for our review. If the Bureau does not respond within 45 days, Sirius XM’s proposed lessee will be deemed to be in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity in accordance with this Order…. We do not intend to second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one lessee over another applicant where we agree that the selected lessee meets the definition of a Qualified Entity and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection process and capacity allocation requirements set forth in this Order.
No Editorial Control.
In the Sirius XM Merger Order, the Commission concluded that Sirius XM would “have no editorial control over these channels.” Consistent with our decision regarding the implementation of the DBS NCE set-aside and the SDARS NCE set-aside condition, we find that allowing Sirius XM to select third-party lessees does not constitute editorial control. In adopting the DBS rules, the Commission found that permitting the DBS operator to select among qualified programmers did not constitute editorial control. As in the DBS context, we conclude that Sirius XM may permissibly consider a variety of factors in deciding which programmers to select, such as whether an applicant is a new entrant, would offer diverse or original content, and/or is commercially viable. As with the DBS set-aside, however, Sirius XM may not require the programmers it selects to include particular programs or material on their channels as a condition of carriage, or alter, censor, or otherwise exercise any control over the programming.68 We also conclude that a narrow interpretation of the no editorial control prohibition to allow Sirius XM to select third-party lessees will encourage the production of high-quality programming while remaining sensitive to the First Amendment rights of both Sirius XM and the Qualified Entities providing content
B. Capacity Allocation
We believe that it is appropriate to give Sirius XM direction on capacity allocation to promote our diversity objective. Specifically, Sirius XM has discretion to allocate capacity among the lessees, provided that:
1. No more than one-half of the total channels set aside for this condition are allotted to full-power broadcast licensees, including entities and individuals with an attributable interest in any such licensee; and
2. No more than four of the channels set aside for this condition (i.e., two channels simulcast on both Sirius and XM, two channels on Sirius and two channels on XM (not simulcast), or four channels on one platform) are allotted to any single lessee, including any entity with an attributable interest in the lessee.
On the other hand, we find it appropriate to limit the capacity allocated to existing full power broadcast licensees meeting the definition of a Qualified Entity to ensure that existing full-power broadcast licensees do not use all of the leased capacity… On the other hand, we find it appropriate to limit the capacity allocated to existing full power broadcast licensees meeting the definition of a Qualified Entity to ensure that existing full-power broadcast licensees do not use all of the leased capacity… Sirius XM may allocate to full-power broadcast licensees no more than one half of the total capacity required to be set aside under the condition. We believe that this approach will afford a sufficient opportunity for full-power broadcast licensees and other entities to become lessees if Sirius XM believes that selecting such entities would further the Commission’s diversity goals. As we stated above, we expect that broadcast and non-broadcast programmers can contribute to source, viewpoint and program diversity, although not necessarily in equal measure. It is for Sirius XM to weigh, consider and determine the financial viability of the potential lessees, other technical qualifications, as well as the combination of programming sources and content that will contribute substantially to its current programming line-up by addressing unserved and underserved needs. However, we do not intend for this guideline to function as a set-aside for full power broadcast licensees, and Sirius XM need not allocate any capacity to full-power broadcast licensees if it determines that accomplishing the diversity goals of the Leasing Condition can best be done by leasing the capacity to entities that are not full-power broadcast licensees… we conclude that it is appropriate to limit the number of channels allotted per lessee to no more than four of the total set-aside channels, as set forth below.
We believe that limiting each lessee to no more than four channels will further two important goals.
1. The limitation will ensure a multiplicity of Qualified Entities providing diverse programming and that SDARS leased channel capacity will not be dominated by a single programmer
2. The limitation is sufficiently generous that it will permit a lessee to acquire enough channels to accommodate business plans dependent on programming more than a single channel and allow a single lessee to provide a variety of high-quality, diverse programming that is not otherwise available to SDARS subscribers and may attract new subscribers and enhance the commercial viability of SDARS. Sirius XM may also elect to lease a single channel to more than one lessee, thereby increasing the number of distinct voices, as some commenters suggest… We do not require Sirius XM to sub-divide all or any of the set-aside channels in this manner because doing so may constrict the ability of some programmers to provide financially viable content around-the-clock. However, Sirius XM should have the flexibility necessary to offer different leasing arrangements to various entities based on the lessees’ programming proposals
The guidelines in this Order are designed to ensure that all capacity set aside for this Leasing Condition will be utilized by Qualified Entities, in a manner that will achieve the objectives of the Leasing Condition. It may occur, however, that at some point in time, the supply of leased channels is greater than the demand for them. In that situation, Sirius XM may allot more than four channels to a single entity, provided that the lease term for the excess channel(s) may not exceed three years. Our approach here is consistent with the Commission’s DBS NCE set-aside rules that allow for one channel per programmer unless the supply of channels exceeds demand.
C. Capacity Calculation
In the Sirius-XM Merger Order, the Commission noted that the number of reserved channels for the noncommercial educational or informational set-aside must be based on total system capacity and not on the number of channels in any particular service package… We note that Sirius XM voluntarily committed “that in no event will the combined company reserve fewer than six channels on the Sirius platform and six channels on the XM platform” for the leased capacity set-aside. We reaffirm this requirement that the leased capacity set-aside shall be at a minimum six channels on the Sirius platform and six channels on the XM platform, and may in the future comprise additional channels as Sirius XM implements advanced signal compression techniques
D. Implementation Details
Consistent with this approach, we require that the leased channels be part of every compatible package or tier provided to Sirius XM subscribers, to the extent technically feasible, including Internet subscribers as AIR suggests, and that Sirius XM not assess an additional charge for the receipt of these channels.
As in the DBS set-aside and SDARS NCE set-aside condition, we also require that Sirius XM offer to lessees discrete channels that remain at a specified channel location on a 24/7 basis, i.e., the lessee must be assigned a specific channel position that cannot be shifted to a different location on different days or times.
Lease Term
We conclude that leases should have terms that are no less than five years. We find… that a five-year lease term would better promote diversity and competition by encouraging the continued production of high-quality programming consistent with the goals of the Leasing Condition.
Subleasing and Assignments
We…prohibit such arrangements unless Sirius XM expressly agrees to the specific sublease or assignment and unless the sublessee or assignee is another Qualified Entity.120 Subleasing or assignments (including the brokering of capacity) of the leased channels would put the capacity allocation decision in the hands of individual lessees and could undermine our goals of promoting new entry and limiting the capacity allocated to any single entity, including full-power broadcast licensees.
Indemnification
We agree and conclude that Sirius XM should be permitted to require lessees to indemnify Sirius XM against liability arising from their conduct as lessees. We believe that private negotiation is the best means to implement the indemnification requirement in this context and therefore decline to adopt specific conditions or limits regarding the type of contractual indemnification agreement or the amount of coverage or the type of insurance policy that Sirius XM may require. Consistent with our approach in cable-leased access, however, we will require that insurance and indemnification requirements be reasonable in relation to the equitable objective of limiting the liability of Sirius XM for conduct of lessees over which it will have little or no control.
Advertising
We find it reasonable for lessees to include advertising on their channels as a means of support for their programming. As a result, we conclude that it would be inappropriate for Sirius XM to prevent lessees from airing a reasonable amount of advertising on the leased channels
Other Terms and Conditions
We believe that it serves the public interest to defer additional details of the lease terms to negotiations between Sirius XM and its lessee… Thus, we do not dictate a specific timeline for the airing of programming as some commenters suggest. We expect that Sirius XM may require that leasing agreements contain customary terms, fees, and conditions consistent with those included in other programming contracts and agreements. Finally, consistent with the Applicants’ voluntary commitment as adopted in the Sirius-XM Merger Order, we reiterate that the Qualified Entities will not be required to make any lease payments for their channel allotments.
E. Enforcement
To ensure that Sirius XM complies with the Leasing Condition and the implementation details provided in this Order, we adopt enforcement procedures that we conclude are appropriate for SDARS and specifically for compliance with this condition… In particular, AIR proposes that alternative dispute resolution procedures be used to resolve conflicts that arise in the implementation of the Leasing Condition.
We agree that it is reasonable to include some enforcement mechanisms for aggrieved entities… As a result, entities that believe Sirius XM has failed to implement the Leasing Condition in whole or in part, or has failed to follow our guidelines, may file a complaint with the Commission. As we do in the case of the DBS NCE set-aside, we will evaluate any complaints regarding the Leasing Condition on a case-by-case basis. As noted above, however, the Commission will not entertain complaints that second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one Qualified Entity over another applicant where the selected lessee meets and continues to meet the definition of a Qualified Entity, pursuant to Sirius XM’s certification and the Media Bureau’s review thereof, and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection requirements and capacity allocation directions set forth in this Order.
Sirius XM is required to comply with the transparent selection process as described above in Section II, including the requirement to file the name of a proposed lessee with the Media Bureau, to demonstrate compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity prior to signing any leasing agreement for the set aside channels… To balance the need to permit Sirius XM sufficient time to establish and implement its selection process with the public interest in expediting the availability of new programming, we will require that Sirius XM enter into and finalize leases by the implementation deadline of April 17, 2011. We further require that both Sirius XM and the lessees negotiate their leases in good faith to ensure that the leased channels are made available to SDARS subscribers as soon as possible. Additionally, we require Sirius XM to file a report with the Commission within 30 days after the implementation deadline to identify the lessees with whom it has entered into leasing agreements, to identify which lessees are new entrants, to state whether the lessees propose to address the interests of underserved audiences, and to inform the Commission of its timetable for airing new programming pursuant to its leases. The report will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review Sirius XM’s compliance with the Leasing Condition.
Summary prepared by:
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
SUMMARY OF MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Adopted: October 18, 2010 Released October 19, 2010
By the Commission: Chairman Genachowski and Commissioners Copps and Clyburn issuing separate statements
The following is a summary of the Memorandum Opinion and Order released yesterday by the FCC regarding the 12 commercial channels made available when Sirius and XM Satellite Radio Merged in July of 2008.
Yesterday the FCC released a MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER (Order) regarding the Sirius XM Channels. The Commission adopts the implementations details for the voluntary commitment made by Sirius Satellite Radio Inc., (Sirius) and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc, (XM) to lease a portion of the transfer of control licenses and authorizations held by Sirius and XM. This action represents an important step that will promote access for new entrants and more diverse programming in the satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS).
First we conclude that based on the record in this proceeding, we will defined the term “Qualified Entities” to ensure that lessees are independent from Sirius XM and to make the criteria fro selection of lessees race-neutral. This changes avoids constitutional challenges and litigation that could delay and detract from progress in satellite radio.
We also decided to involve Sirius XM in the lessee selection process, with the for making timely selections of entities that are both qualified for the set-aside, with responsibility for making timely selections of entities that are both qualified for set-aside and technically compatible with the SDARS platform, but without editorial control over lessees’ programming. We conclude the public interest and consistent with other third-party leasing precedents for Sirius XM to select the lessees and reverse our previous decision to the contrary. We require Sirius XM reasonably to exercise its good-faith judgment to select as lessees those Qualified Entities that it believes will advance our diversity goals. We expect that Sirius XM will use this selection process to create opportunities for a variety of programmers, including new entrants.
We require Sirius XM to enter into leasing agreements with its selected Qualified Entities on the implementation deadline of April 17, 2011. We also require Sirius XM to file a report with the Commission within 30th days after the implementation deadline to identify the lessee with whom it has entered into leasing agreements, and to inform the Commission when it plans to air new programming pursuant to its new leases. Additionally, we permit aggrieved parties to file complaints with the Commission consistent with the parameters set forth below.
A. Qualified Entity Definition
To minimize the possibility of litigation regarding the constitutionality of the definition of a Qualified Entity, which could delay implementation of this important public interest benefit, we have decided to defined “Qualified Entity” in this Order in a manner that is race-neutral. In particular, we define Qualified Entity to require only that a lessee:
1. Not be directly or indirectly own in whole or in part, by Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM
2. Not share any common officers, director, or employees with Sirius XM or any affiliate of Sirius XM, and
3. Not have any existing relationships with Sirius XM for the supply of programming during the two year prior to the adoption date of this Order
In additional we believe that additional guidance will help focus Sirius XM’s selection of lessees in a manner that will promote source viewpoint, and programming diversity.
A. Selection Processes and Criteria
We conclude that allowing Sirius XM to select the lessees, subject to the limitation and criteria described herein, would best serve the public interest because it is an efficient watt i select qualified lessees, ensure that the lessees selected will be technically compatible with the Sirius XM service and will promote an increase in source, viewpoint, and programming diversity on the SDARS platform as soon as possible. We find that alternative selection proposals proposed in response to the Public Notice could cause unnecessary delay and uncertainty in implementing the voluntary commitment, which could thwart the Commission’s goals of fostering diversity on the SDADS platform
Sirius XM Involvement
Although the Sirius-XM Merger Order indicated that Sirius XM would not be involved in the selection of the Qualified Entities, we believe this decision could hinder the implementation of this Leasing Condition for the reason explained below…Sirius XM has expressed its willingness to participate in making the selections.
We conclude that Sirius XM’s involvement will facilitate the resolution of technical compatibility issues that might arise during the selection process, expedite the introduction of programming that adds to the diversity of offerings to consumers and be more efficient than delegating such decision-making to a third party as some have suggested. We expect Sirius XM to act in good faith to follow the guideline we provide to ensure that the selection of lesees promotes diversity and set forth requirements below to ensure that the selection process fair and transparent. If in the future, it appears that Sirius XM seeks to use the selections and renewal process as a means to improperly influence the programming provided in the reserved channels we may revisit our decision to permit Sirius XM to select lessees and take appropriate action.
Our decision to allow Sirius XM to select among Qualified Entities is consistent with decisions regarding the selection of programmers for the Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) noncommercial educational or informational programming (“NCE”) set-side and the NCE set-side condition adopted in this proceeding.
Alternative Selection Proposals.
We instruct Sirius XM to elevate the pool of Qualified Entities and select as lessee those Qualified Entities that it believes, in good faith, will promote source, viewpoint, and programming diversity…As a result we recognize that Sirius XM will have to balance various consideration including, among other things, weather lessees:
1. Would provide a new source of programming and are new entrants in the mass media industry
2. Would offer a diverse viewpoint or diverse entertainment content
3. Would provide original content r programming of a type not otherwise available to Sirius XM subscribers,
4. Would improve service to historically underserved audiences, and
5. Would, in Sirius XM reasonable judgment, be able to meet its obligations and be able to deliver their proposed mix or type of programming for the duration of the lease term
We believe that these selection criteria, including the requirement that Sirius XM consider whether potential lessees would provide new and diverse programming, would be new entrants, or would be serve historically underserved audiences, promote our object that the leased channels be made available to programming sources that otherwise would not have an opportunity to provide programming to SDAR subscribers, including small entities and groups that are not traditional broadcasters.
Transparent Selection Process.
Although we do not adopt AIR’s specific proposals, we require Sirius XM to file with the Commission within 30 days of release of this Order a notification that identifies an public Website or similarly accessible source where the following information relating to the application process will be available to the public:
1. The definition of Qualified Entity as provided herein
2. The deadline and procedures for submitting applications
3. Any specific information that it will required applications to submit and
4. Any specific application criteria that Sirius XM intends to apply in its review of potential lessees.
We require Sirius XM to make the described information available at the identified location within 35 days of the release of the Order. Sirius CM may implement the application and selection process in any manner it chooses as long as it follows the requirements set forth in the Order…criteria must be open to all entities that meet the definition of a Qualified Entity and cannot place limits on who can apply. Constance with the Commission’s goal of fostering diversity on the SDARS platform through this condition however Sirius XM may identify programming genres not currently offered to subscribers as additional guidance to potential lessees.
As we did in implementing the SDARS NCE set-side condition, we also require Sirius XM to maintain an electronic public file that includes information with respect the process it uses to select the lessees. The public fill will promote transparency in the selection process and enable the public and the Commission to monitor Sirius XM’s implementation of this Leasing Condition…Specifically Sirius XM shall keep and make available for public inspections at the identified location, a complete record of the following:
1. Quarterly measurement of channel capacity and yearly calculations on which it bases its four percent reservation as well as its response to any capacity changes
2. A record of entities to whom leased capacity is being provided, the amount capacity being provided to each entity, and the terms under which it is being provided and
3. A record of entities that have requested capacity, disposition of those requests, and reasons for the disposition. All records kept in this file shall be retained for a period of two years
In order to ensure that any lessee selected by Sirius XM satisfies the criteria set forth in the definition of a Qualified Entity above, we require Sirius XM to notify the Media Bureau of its selections prior to signing an agreement for the leased channel or channels. This process will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review each proposed lessee for compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity before Sirius XM engages in the negotiations for a long-term lease or agreement, and it does not impose a significant burden or delay in the implementation of the Leasing Condition…The Media Bureau will have 45 days to respond to the selection of proposed lessees submitted by Sirius XM for our review. If the Bureau does not respond within 45 days, Sirius XM’s proposed lessee will be deemed to be in compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity in accordance with this Order…. We do not intend to second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one lessee over another applicant where we agree that the selected lessee meets the definition of a Qualified Entity and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection process and capacity allocation requirements set forth in this Order.
No Editorial Control.
In the Sirius XM Merger Order, the Commission concluded that Sirius XM would “have no editorial control over these channels.” Consistent with our decision regarding the implementation of the DBS NCE set-aside and the SDARS NCE set-aside condition, we find that allowing Sirius XM to select third-party lessees does not constitute editorial control. In adopting the DBS rules, the Commission found that permitting the DBS operator to select among qualified programmers did not constitute editorial control. As in the DBS context, we conclude that Sirius XM may permissibly consider a variety of factors in deciding which programmers to select, such as whether an applicant is a new entrant, would offer diverse or original content, and/or is commercially viable. As with the DBS set-aside, however, Sirius XM may not require the programmers it selects to include particular programs or material on their channels as a condition of carriage, or alter, censor, or otherwise exercise any control over the programming.68 We also conclude that a narrow interpretation of the no editorial control prohibition to allow Sirius XM to select third-party lessees will encourage the production of high-quality programming while remaining sensitive to the First Amendment rights of both Sirius XM and the Qualified Entities providing content
B. Capacity Allocation
We believe that it is appropriate to give Sirius XM direction on capacity allocation to promote our diversity objective. Specifically, Sirius XM has discretion to allocate capacity among the lessees, provided that:
1. No more than one-half of the total channels set aside for this condition are allotted to full-power broadcast licensees, including entities and individuals with an attributable interest in any such licensee; and
2. No more than four of the channels set aside for this condition (i.e., two channels simulcast on both Sirius and XM, two channels on Sirius and two channels on XM (not simulcast), or four channels on one platform) are allotted to any single lessee, including any entity with an attributable interest in the lessee.
On the other hand, we find it appropriate to limit the capacity allocated to existing full power broadcast licensees meeting the definition of a Qualified Entity to ensure that existing full-power broadcast licensees do not use all of the leased capacity… On the other hand, we find it appropriate to limit the capacity allocated to existing full power broadcast licensees meeting the definition of a Qualified Entity to ensure that existing full-power broadcast licensees do not use all of the leased capacity… Sirius XM may allocate to full-power broadcast licensees no more than one half of the total capacity required to be set aside under the condition. We believe that this approach will afford a sufficient opportunity for full-power broadcast licensees and other entities to become lessees if Sirius XM believes that selecting such entities would further the Commission’s diversity goals. As we stated above, we expect that broadcast and non-broadcast programmers can contribute to source, viewpoint and program diversity, although not necessarily in equal measure. It is for Sirius XM to weigh, consider and determine the financial viability of the potential lessees, other technical qualifications, as well as the combination of programming sources and content that will contribute substantially to its current programming line-up by addressing unserved and underserved needs. However, we do not intend for this guideline to function as a set-aside for full power broadcast licensees, and Sirius XM need not allocate any capacity to full-power broadcast licensees if it determines that accomplishing the diversity goals of the Leasing Condition can best be done by leasing the capacity to entities that are not full-power broadcast licensees… we conclude that it is appropriate to limit the number of channels allotted per lessee to no more than four of the total set-aside channels, as set forth below.
We believe that limiting each lessee to no more than four channels will further two important goals.
1. The limitation will ensure a multiplicity of Qualified Entities providing diverse programming and that SDARS leased channel capacity will not be dominated by a single programmer
2. The limitation is sufficiently generous that it will permit a lessee to acquire enough channels to accommodate business plans dependent on programming more than a single channel and allow a single lessee to provide a variety of high-quality, diverse programming that is not otherwise available to SDARS subscribers and may attract new subscribers and enhance the commercial viability of SDARS. Sirius XM may also elect to lease a single channel to more than one lessee, thereby increasing the number of distinct voices, as some commenters suggest… We do not require Sirius XM to sub-divide all or any of the set-aside channels in this manner because doing so may constrict the ability of some programmers to provide financially viable content around-the-clock. However, Sirius XM should have the flexibility necessary to offer different leasing arrangements to various entities based on the lessees’ programming proposals
The guidelines in this Order are designed to ensure that all capacity set aside for this Leasing Condition will be utilized by Qualified Entities, in a manner that will achieve the objectives of the Leasing Condition. It may occur, however, that at some point in time, the supply of leased channels is greater than the demand for them. In that situation, Sirius XM may allot more than four channels to a single entity, provided that the lease term for the excess channel(s) may not exceed three years. Our approach here is consistent with the Commission’s DBS NCE set-aside rules that allow for one channel per programmer unless the supply of channels exceeds demand.
C. Capacity Calculation
In the Sirius-XM Merger Order, the Commission noted that the number of reserved channels for the noncommercial educational or informational set-aside must be based on total system capacity and not on the number of channels in any particular service package… We note that Sirius XM voluntarily committed “that in no event will the combined company reserve fewer than six channels on the Sirius platform and six channels on the XM platform” for the leased capacity set-aside. We reaffirm this requirement that the leased capacity set-aside shall be at a minimum six channels on the Sirius platform and six channels on the XM platform, and may in the future comprise additional channels as Sirius XM implements advanced signal compression techniques
D. Implementation Details
Consistent with this approach, we require that the leased channels be part of every compatible package or tier provided to Sirius XM subscribers, to the extent technically feasible, including Internet subscribers as AIR suggests, and that Sirius XM not assess an additional charge for the receipt of these channels.
As in the DBS set-aside and SDARS NCE set-aside condition, we also require that Sirius XM offer to lessees discrete channels that remain at a specified channel location on a 24/7 basis, i.e., the lessee must be assigned a specific channel position that cannot be shifted to a different location on different days or times.
Lease Term
We conclude that leases should have terms that are no less than five years. We find… that a five-year lease term would better promote diversity and competition by encouraging the continued production of high-quality programming consistent with the goals of the Leasing Condition.
Subleasing and Assignments
We…prohibit such arrangements unless Sirius XM expressly agrees to the specific sublease or assignment and unless the sublessee or assignee is another Qualified Entity.120 Subleasing or assignments (including the brokering of capacity) of the leased channels would put the capacity allocation decision in the hands of individual lessees and could undermine our goals of promoting new entry and limiting the capacity allocated to any single entity, including full-power broadcast licensees.
Indemnification
We agree and conclude that Sirius XM should be permitted to require lessees to indemnify Sirius XM against liability arising from their conduct as lessees. We believe that private negotiation is the best means to implement the indemnification requirement in this context and therefore decline to adopt specific conditions or limits regarding the type of contractual indemnification agreement or the amount of coverage or the type of insurance policy that Sirius XM may require. Consistent with our approach in cable-leased access, however, we will require that insurance and indemnification requirements be reasonable in relation to the equitable objective of limiting the liability of Sirius XM for conduct of lessees over which it will have little or no control.
Advertising
We find it reasonable for lessees to include advertising on their channels as a means of support for their programming. As a result, we conclude that it would be inappropriate for Sirius XM to prevent lessees from airing a reasonable amount of advertising on the leased channels
Other Terms and Conditions
We believe that it serves the public interest to defer additional details of the lease terms to negotiations between Sirius XM and its lessee… Thus, we do not dictate a specific timeline for the airing of programming as some commenters suggest. We expect that Sirius XM may require that leasing agreements contain customary terms, fees, and conditions consistent with those included in other programming contracts and agreements. Finally, consistent with the Applicants’ voluntary commitment as adopted in the Sirius-XM Merger Order, we reiterate that the Qualified Entities will not be required to make any lease payments for their channel allotments.
E. Enforcement
To ensure that Sirius XM complies with the Leasing Condition and the implementation details provided in this Order, we adopt enforcement procedures that we conclude are appropriate for SDARS and specifically for compliance with this condition… In particular, AIR proposes that alternative dispute resolution procedures be used to resolve conflicts that arise in the implementation of the Leasing Condition.
We agree that it is reasonable to include some enforcement mechanisms for aggrieved entities… As a result, entities that believe Sirius XM has failed to implement the Leasing Condition in whole or in part, or has failed to follow our guidelines, may file a complaint with the Commission. As we do in the case of the DBS NCE set-aside, we will evaluate any complaints regarding the Leasing Condition on a case-by-case basis. As noted above, however, the Commission will not entertain complaints that second-guess Sirius XM’s good faith selection of one Qualified Entity over another applicant where the selected lessee meets and continues to meet the definition of a Qualified Entity, pursuant to Sirius XM’s certification and the Media Bureau’s review thereof, and Sirius XM followed the transparent selection requirements and capacity allocation directions set forth in this Order.
Sirius XM is required to comply with the transparent selection process as described above in Section II, including the requirement to file the name of a proposed lessee with the Media Bureau, to demonstrate compliance with the definition of a Qualified Entity prior to signing any leasing agreement for the set aside channels… To balance the need to permit Sirius XM sufficient time to establish and implement its selection process with the public interest in expediting the availability of new programming, we will require that Sirius XM enter into and finalize leases by the implementation deadline of April 17, 2011. We further require that both Sirius XM and the lessees negotiate their leases in good faith to ensure that the leased channels are made available to SDARS subscribers as soon as possible. Additionally, we require Sirius XM to file a report with the Commission within 30 days after the implementation deadline to identify the lessees with whom it has entered into leasing agreements, to identify which lessees are new entrants, to state whether the lessees propose to address the interests of underserved audiences, and to inform the Commission of its timetable for airing new programming pursuant to its leases. The report will provide the Commission with an opportunity to review Sirius XM’s compliance with the Leasing Condition.
Summary prepared by:
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
Friday, October 15, 2010
Request to Speak to the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
-------- Original Message -------- Subject:
Meeting Request - Senate Commerce Committee
From: "Merrill, Dylan (Commerce)"
Date: Tue, October 12, 2010 12:50 pm
To: "malik@independentcreativeartists.com"
Good Afternoon,
I’m writing on behalf of the Senate Commerce Committee to find a time when you can speak with us concerning Sirius XM. Will you be visiting DC in the near future? If so, please let me know your availability.
Thanks,
Dylan Merrill
United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
428 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510
Meeting Request - Senate Commerce Committee
From: "Merrill, Dylan (Commerce)"
Date: Tue, October 12, 2010 12:50 pm
To: "malik@independentcreativeartists.com"
Good Afternoon,
I’m writing on behalf of the Senate Commerce Committee to find a time when you can speak with us concerning Sirius XM. Will you be visiting DC in the near future? If so, please let me know your availability.
Thanks,
Dylan Merrill
United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
428 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington, DC 20510
Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Friday, October 15, 2010
VIA ELETRONIC FILING
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Dear Ms. Dortch:
On October 15, 2010, the undersigned on behalf of iClick2Media spoke with Joshua Cinelli, Media Advisor to Commissioner Copps regarding the 12 commercial channels made available by Sirius XM as a part of the merge Voluntarily conditions.
In our conversation we talked about the status of the 12 channels and what the next steps would be if iClick2Media wanted to continue its pursuit of the 12 channels.
Thank you for your time and consideration regarding this matter. If you have any questions feel free to contact me.
Regards,
/s/ Malik Shakur
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
VIA ELETRONIC FILING
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Dear Ms. Dortch:
On October 15, 2010, the undersigned on behalf of iClick2Media spoke with Joshua Cinelli, Media Advisor to Commissioner Copps regarding the 12 commercial channels made available by Sirius XM as a part of the merge Voluntarily conditions.
In our conversation we talked about the status of the 12 channels and what the next steps would be if iClick2Media wanted to continue its pursuit of the 12 channels.
Thank you for your time and consideration regarding this matter. If you have any questions feel free to contact me.
Regards,
/s/ Malik Shakur
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Friday, October 15, 2010
VIA ELETRONIC FILING
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Dear Ms. Dortch:
On October 13, 2010, the undersigned on behalf of iClick2Media spoke with Rosemary C. Harold Legal Advisor to Commissioner Robert McDowell regarding the 12 commercial channels made available by Sirius XM as a part of the merge Voluntarily conditions.
In our conversation we talked about the status of the 12 channels and what the next steps would be if iClick2Media wanted to continue its pursuit of the 12 channels.
Thank you for your time and consideration regarding this matter. If you have any questions feel free to contact me.
Regards,
/s/ Malik Shakur
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
VIA ELETRONIC FILING
Marlene H. Dortch
Secretary
Federal Communication Commission
224 12 Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20554
RE: Notice of Ex Parte Communication MB Docket No. 07-57
Dear Ms. Dortch:
On October 13, 2010, the undersigned on behalf of iClick2Media spoke with Rosemary C. Harold Legal Advisor to Commissioner Robert McDowell regarding the 12 commercial channels made available by Sirius XM as a part of the merge Voluntarily conditions.
In our conversation we talked about the status of the 12 channels and what the next steps would be if iClick2Media wanted to continue its pursuit of the 12 channels.
Thank you for your time and consideration regarding this matter. If you have any questions feel free to contact me.
Regards,
/s/ Malik Shakur
Malik Shakur, CEO
iClick2Media
An Independent Creative Artists Company
Thursday, October 7, 2010
Social Bookmarking for Business: Part 4
Taking time to produce a blog, newsletter, or other content on your website? Get users to pass the content around the Web using sites like Digg, Reddit, and StumbleUpon.
By Minda Zetlin
GotCast is an online clearinghouse where casting directors post jobs and aspiring performers submit audition videos. Some of those videos are amazing, inspiring, or funny. Founder and CEO Wil Schroter realized the videos themselves were valuable content that could help promote GotCast, so the company makes it easy for visitors to watch the videos and vote for favorites. GotCast posts links to some of its most popular videos on Digg, and some garner significant numbers of votes and viewings. That brings new visitors to the GotCast site.
Admittedly, GotCast has something of an unfair advantage, with talented performers submitting their very best videos every day. But if you use content to try to add value or appeal to your website, you owe it to yourself to have that content do double duty by building visibility for your company on social media sites such as Digg, Reddit, and StumbleUpon. “If you can get on the front page of Digg, you’ll reach millions of eyeballs,” says Jon Wuebben, author of Content Rich: Writing Your Way to Wealth on the Web released this month. And even reaching front-page status in one of the sub-categories on the site can have a dramatic effect.
How do you get the votes? Simply posting quality content is not always enough. Here are some inside tips for getting the most social media play:
1. Make it personal. For written content, a lot depends on tone and the language used, Wuebben says. “You want to write in first person, and use ‘you’ a lot. Don’t write in third person, or anything that sounds like brochure copy. Write as if you were writing to a friend.”
“Your corporate training video probably won’t get a lot of love,” Schroter adds. “But if you, personally, have a reaction to something, if it makes you laugh or upsets you or touches you, then others may react the same way.”
2. Follow direct-mail rules. The same rules that help direct-mail copywriters get recipients to read “junk mail” will help you write social media-friendly content. These include stating something controversial, or offering valuable information such as a list of tips. And do put careful thought into the headline or title of your content. “Some of the best social media stories come from a great, usually provocative, headline,” Wuebben says.
3. Check out the sites before you create content. “You might want to go on Digg and see what’s on the homepage,” Wuebben says. “You can look in the section where your content would fit and see what’s getting ‘dugg’ the most.” That should help you figure out what kind of content would be likeliest to succeed on the site, and you can follow similar strategies for other social media sites as well.
4. Make it easy to share -- and share it yourself. “We provide links for sharing content, or emailing it to a friend, on all our pages,” Schroter says. Sometimes users take advantage of these to share GotCast content on Digg or elsewhere, but the company also posts content to the sites itself -- the only way to get consistent social media presence, he says. “Usually, it doesn’t happen unless we do it.”
5. Take a long view. “This is a tough thing that doesn’t happen overnight,” Wuebben cautions. It’s important to be patient, and to continue posting material to the social media sites that can slowly build recognition over time.
By the same token, a prominent placement, could lead to a dramatic traffic increase on your site. If this happens, don’t assume it will last forever. “People get that massive spike, and they think it will keep on coming,” Schroter says. “Then, six months later, traffic has returned to its earlier levels.”
And that’s okay. The temporary increase means a lot of people who may have never heard of your company now know who you are, and how to find you. And after all, that’s what promotion is all about.
By Minda Zetlin
GotCast is an online clearinghouse where casting directors post jobs and aspiring performers submit audition videos. Some of those videos are amazing, inspiring, or funny. Founder and CEO Wil Schroter realized the videos themselves were valuable content that could help promote GotCast, so the company makes it easy for visitors to watch the videos and vote for favorites. GotCast posts links to some of its most popular videos on Digg, and some garner significant numbers of votes and viewings. That brings new visitors to the GotCast site.
Admittedly, GotCast has something of an unfair advantage, with talented performers submitting their very best videos every day. But if you use content to try to add value or appeal to your website, you owe it to yourself to have that content do double duty by building visibility for your company on social media sites such as Digg, Reddit, and StumbleUpon. “If you can get on the front page of Digg, you’ll reach millions of eyeballs,” says Jon Wuebben, author of Content Rich: Writing Your Way to Wealth on the Web released this month. And even reaching front-page status in one of the sub-categories on the site can have a dramatic effect.
How do you get the votes? Simply posting quality content is not always enough. Here are some inside tips for getting the most social media play:
1. Make it personal. For written content, a lot depends on tone and the language used, Wuebben says. “You want to write in first person, and use ‘you’ a lot. Don’t write in third person, or anything that sounds like brochure copy. Write as if you were writing to a friend.”
“Your corporate training video probably won’t get a lot of love,” Schroter adds. “But if you, personally, have a reaction to something, if it makes you laugh or upsets you or touches you, then others may react the same way.”
2. Follow direct-mail rules. The same rules that help direct-mail copywriters get recipients to read “junk mail” will help you write social media-friendly content. These include stating something controversial, or offering valuable information such as a list of tips. And do put careful thought into the headline or title of your content. “Some of the best social media stories come from a great, usually provocative, headline,” Wuebben says.
3. Check out the sites before you create content. “You might want to go on Digg and see what’s on the homepage,” Wuebben says. “You can look in the section where your content would fit and see what’s getting ‘dugg’ the most.” That should help you figure out what kind of content would be likeliest to succeed on the site, and you can follow similar strategies for other social media sites as well.
4. Make it easy to share -- and share it yourself. “We provide links for sharing content, or emailing it to a friend, on all our pages,” Schroter says. Sometimes users take advantage of these to share GotCast content on Digg or elsewhere, but the company also posts content to the sites itself -- the only way to get consistent social media presence, he says. “Usually, it doesn’t happen unless we do it.”
5. Take a long view. “This is a tough thing that doesn’t happen overnight,” Wuebben cautions. It’s important to be patient, and to continue posting material to the social media sites that can slowly build recognition over time.
By the same token, a prominent placement, could lead to a dramatic traffic increase on your site. If this happens, don’t assume it will last forever. “People get that massive spike, and they think it will keep on coming,” Schroter says. “Then, six months later, traffic has returned to its earlier levels.”
And that’s okay. The temporary increase means a lot of people who may have never heard of your company now know who you are, and how to find you. And after all, that’s what promotion is all about.
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